001    /**
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
003     * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
004     * distributed with this work for additional information
005     * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
006     * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
007     * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
008     * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
009     *
010     *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
011     *
012     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
013     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
014     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
015     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
016     * limitations under the License.
017     */
018    
019    package org.apache.hadoop.conf;
020    
021    import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
022    import java.io.DataInput;
023    import java.io.DataOutput;
024    import java.io.File;
025    import java.io.FileInputStream;
026    import java.io.IOException;
027    import java.io.InputStream;
028    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
029    import java.io.OutputStream;
030    import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
031    import java.io.Reader;
032    import java.io.Writer;
033    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
034    import java.net.URL;
035    import java.util.ArrayList;
036    import java.util.Arrays;
037    import java.util.Collection;
038    import java.util.Collections;
039    import java.util.Enumeration;
040    import java.util.HashMap;
041    import java.util.HashSet;
042    import java.util.Iterator;
043    import java.util.LinkedList;
044    import java.util.List;
045    import java.util.ListIterator;
046    import java.util.Map;
047    import java.util.Map.Entry;
048    import java.util.Properties;
049    import java.util.Set;
050    import java.util.StringTokenizer;
051    import java.util.WeakHashMap;
052    import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
053    import java.util.regex.Matcher;
054    import java.util.regex.Pattern;
055    import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
056    
057    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
058    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
059    import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
060    import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
061    import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
062    import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
063    import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
064    import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
065    
066    import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
067    import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
068    import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
069    import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
070    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
071    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
072    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.CommonConfigurationKeys;
073    import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
074    import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableUtils;
075    import org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils;
076    import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
077    import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringInterner;
078    import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
079    import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonFactory;
080    import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator;
081    import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
082    import org.w3c.dom.Document;
083    import org.w3c.dom.Element;
084    import org.w3c.dom.Node;
085    import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
086    import org.w3c.dom.Text;
087    import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
088    
089    /** 
090     * Provides access to configuration parameters.
091     *
092     * <h4 id="Resources">Resources</h4>
093     *
094     * <p>Configurations are specified by resources. A resource contains a set of
095     * name/value pairs as XML data. Each resource is named by either a 
096     * <code>String</code> or by a {@link Path}. If named by a <code>String</code>, 
097     * then the classpath is examined for a file with that name.  If named by a 
098     * <code>Path</code>, then the local filesystem is examined directly, without 
099     * referring to the classpath.
100     *
101     * <p>Unless explicitly turned off, Hadoop by default specifies two 
102     * resources, loaded in-order from the classpath: <ol>
103     * <li><tt><a href="{@docRoot}/../core-default.html">core-default.xml</a>
104     * </tt>: Read-only defaults for hadoop.</li>
105     * <li><tt>core-site.xml</tt>: Site-specific configuration for a given hadoop
106     * installation.</li>
107     * </ol>
108     * Applications may add additional resources, which are loaded
109     * subsequent to these resources in the order they are added.
110     * 
111     * <h4 id="FinalParams">Final Parameters</h4>
112     *
113     * <p>Configuration parameters may be declared <i>final</i>. 
114     * Once a resource declares a value final, no subsequently-loaded 
115     * resource can alter that value.  
116     * For example, one might define a final parameter with:
117     * <tt><pre>
118     *  &lt;property&gt;
119     *    &lt;name&gt;dfs.client.buffer.dir&lt;/name&gt;
120     *    &lt;value&gt;/tmp/hadoop/dfs/client&lt;/value&gt;
121     *    <b>&lt;final&gt;true&lt;/final&gt;</b>
122     *  &lt;/property&gt;</pre></tt>
123     *
124     * Administrators typically define parameters as final in 
125     * <tt>core-site.xml</tt> for values that user applications may not alter.
126     *
127     * <h4 id="VariableExpansion">Variable Expansion</h4>
128     *
129     * <p>Value strings are first processed for <i>variable expansion</i>. The
130     * available properties are:<ol>
131     * <li>Other properties defined in this Configuration; and, if a name is
132     * undefined here,</li>
133     * <li>Properties in {@link System#getProperties()}.</li>
134     * </ol>
135     *
136     * <p>For example, if a configuration resource contains the following property
137     * definitions: 
138     * <tt><pre>
139     *  &lt;property&gt;
140     *    &lt;name&gt;basedir&lt;/name&gt;
141     *    &lt;value&gt;/user/${<i>user.name</i>}&lt;/value&gt;
142     *  &lt;/property&gt;
143     *  
144     *  &lt;property&gt;
145     *    &lt;name&gt;tempdir&lt;/name&gt;
146     *    &lt;value&gt;${<i>basedir</i>}/tmp&lt;/value&gt;
147     *  &lt;/property&gt;</pre></tt>
148     *
149     * When <tt>conf.get("tempdir")</tt> is called, then <tt>${<i>basedir</i>}</tt>
150     * will be resolved to another property in this Configuration, while
151     * <tt>${<i>user.name</i>}</tt> would then ordinarily be resolved to the value
152     * of the System property with that name.
153     */
154    @InterfaceAudience.Public
155    @InterfaceStability.Stable
156    public class Configuration implements Iterable<Map.Entry<String,String>>,
157                                          Writable {
158      private static final Log LOG =
159        LogFactory.getLog(Configuration.class);
160    
161      private boolean quietmode = true;
162      
163      private static class Resource {
164        private final Object resource;
165        private final String name;
166        
167        public Resource(Object resource) {
168          this(resource, resource.toString());
169        }
170        
171        public Resource(Object resource, String name) {
172          this.resource = resource;
173          this.name = name;
174        }
175        
176        public String getName(){
177          return name;
178        }
179        
180        public Object getResource() {
181          return resource;
182        }
183        
184        @Override
185        public String toString() {
186          return name;
187        }
188      }
189      
190      /**
191       * List of configuration resources.
192       */
193      private ArrayList<Resource> resources = new ArrayList<Resource>();
194      
195      /**
196       * The value reported as the setting resource when a key is set
197       * by code rather than a file resource by dumpConfiguration.
198       */
199      static final String UNKNOWN_RESOURCE = "Unknown";
200    
201    
202      /**
203       * List of configuration parameters marked <b>final</b>. 
204       */
205      private Set<String> finalParameters = new HashSet<String>();
206      
207      private boolean loadDefaults = true;
208      
209      /**
210       * Configuration objects
211       */
212      private static final WeakHashMap<Configuration,Object> REGISTRY = 
213        new WeakHashMap<Configuration,Object>();
214      
215      /**
216       * List of default Resources. Resources are loaded in the order of the list 
217       * entries
218       */
219      private static final CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> defaultResources =
220        new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
221    
222      private static final Map<ClassLoader, Map<String, Class<?>>>
223        CACHE_CLASSES = new WeakHashMap<ClassLoader, Map<String, Class<?>>>();
224    
225      /**
226       * Sentinel value to store negative cache results in {@link #CACHE_CLASSES}.
227       */
228      private static final Class<?> NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL =
229        NegativeCacheSentinel.class;
230    
231      /**
232       * Stores the mapping of key to the resource which modifies or loads 
233       * the key most recently
234       */
235      private HashMap<String, String[]> updatingResource;
236     
237      /**
238       * Class to keep the information about the keys which replace the deprecated
239       * ones.
240       * 
241       * This class stores the new keys which replace the deprecated keys and also
242       * gives a provision to have a custom message for each of the deprecated key
243       * that is being replaced. It also provides method to get the appropriate
244       * warning message which can be logged whenever the deprecated key is used.
245       */
246      private static class DeprecatedKeyInfo {
247        private String[] newKeys;
248        private String customMessage;
249        private boolean accessed;
250        DeprecatedKeyInfo(String[] newKeys, String customMessage) {
251          this.newKeys = newKeys;
252          this.customMessage = customMessage;
253          accessed = false;
254        }
255    
256        /**
257         * Method to provide the warning message. It gives the custom message if
258         * non-null, and default message otherwise.
259         * @param key the associated deprecated key.
260         * @return message that is to be logged when a deprecated key is used.
261         */
262        private final String getWarningMessage(String key) {
263          String warningMessage;
264          if(customMessage == null) {
265            StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder(key);
266            String deprecatedKeySuffix = " is deprecated. Instead, use ";
267            message.append(deprecatedKeySuffix);
268            for (int i = 0; i < newKeys.length; i++) {
269              message.append(newKeys[i]);
270              if(i != newKeys.length-1) {
271                message.append(", ");
272              }
273            }
274            warningMessage = message.toString();
275          }
276          else {
277            warningMessage = customMessage;
278          }
279          accessed = true;
280          return warningMessage;
281        }
282      }
283      
284      /**
285       * Stores the deprecated keys, the new keys which replace the deprecated keys
286       * and custom message(if any provided).
287       */
288      private static Map<String, DeprecatedKeyInfo> deprecatedKeyMap = 
289          new HashMap<String, DeprecatedKeyInfo>();
290      
291      /**
292       * Stores a mapping from superseding keys to the keys which they deprecate.
293       */
294      private static Map<String, String> reverseDeprecatedKeyMap =
295          new HashMap<String, String>();
296    
297      /**
298       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map.
299       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
300       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
301       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
302       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
303       * 
304       * If a key is deprecated in favor of multiple keys, they are all treated as 
305       * aliases of each other, and setting any one of them resets all the others 
306       * to the new value.
307       * 
308       * @param key
309       * @param newKeys
310       * @param customMessage
311       * @deprecated use {@link addDeprecation(String key, String newKey,
312          String customMessage)} instead
313       */
314      @Deprecated
315      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String[] newKeys,
316          String customMessage) {
317        if (key == null || key.length() == 0 ||
318            newKeys == null || newKeys.length == 0) {
319          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
320        }
321        if (!isDeprecated(key)) {
322          DeprecatedKeyInfo newKeyInfo;
323          newKeyInfo = new DeprecatedKeyInfo(newKeys, customMessage);
324          deprecatedKeyMap.put(key, newKeyInfo);
325          for (String newKey : newKeys) {
326            reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.put(newKey, key);
327          }
328        }
329      }
330      
331      /**
332       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map.
333       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
334       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
335       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
336       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
337       * 
338       * @param key
339       * @param newKey
340       * @param customMessage
341       */
342      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String newKey,
343                  String customMessage) {
344              addDeprecation(key, new String[] {newKey}, customMessage);
345      }
346    
347      /**
348       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map when no custom message
349       * is provided.
350       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
351       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
352       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
353       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
354       * 
355       * If a key is deprecated in favor of multiple keys, they are all treated as 
356       * aliases of each other, and setting any one of them resets all the others 
357       * to the new value.
358       * 
359       * @param key Key that is to be deprecated
360       * @param newKeys list of keys that take up the values of deprecated key
361       * @deprecated use {@link addDeprecation(String key, String newKey)} instead
362       */
363      @Deprecated
364      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String[] newKeys) {
365        addDeprecation(key, newKeys, null);
366      }
367      
368      /**
369       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map when no custom message
370       * is provided.
371       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
372       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
373       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
374       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
375       * 
376       * @param key Key that is to be deprecated
377       * @param newKey key that takes up the value of deprecated key
378       */
379      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String newKey) {
380            addDeprecation(key, new String[] {newKey}, null);
381      }
382      
383      /**
384       * checks whether the given <code>key</code> is deprecated.
385       * 
386       * @param key the parameter which is to be checked for deprecation
387       * @return <code>true</code> if the key is deprecated and 
388       *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
389       */
390      public static boolean isDeprecated(String key) {
391        return deprecatedKeyMap.containsKey(key);
392      }
393    
394      /**
395       * Returns the alternate name for a key if the property name is deprecated
396       * or if deprecates a property name.
397       *
398       * @param name property name.
399       * @return alternate name.
400       */
401      private String[] getAlternateNames(String name) {
402        String oldName, altNames[] = null;
403        DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(name);
404        if (keyInfo == null) {
405          altNames = (reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.get(name) != null ) ? 
406            new String [] {reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.get(name)} : null;
407          if(altNames != null && altNames.length > 0) {
408            //To help look for other new configs for this deprecated config
409            keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(altNames[0]);
410          }      
411        } 
412        if(keyInfo != null && keyInfo.newKeys.length > 0) {
413          List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); 
414          if(altNames != null) {
415              list.addAll(Arrays.asList(altNames));
416          }
417          list.addAll(Arrays.asList(keyInfo.newKeys));
418          altNames = list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
419        }
420        return altNames;
421      }
422    
423      /**
424       * Checks for the presence of the property <code>name</code> in the
425       * deprecation map. Returns the first of the list of new keys if present
426       * in the deprecation map or the <code>name</code> itself. If the property
427       * is not presently set but the property map contains an entry for the
428       * deprecated key, the value of the deprecated key is set as the value for
429       * the provided property name.
430       *
431       * @param name the property name
432       * @return the first property in the list of properties mapping
433       *         the <code>name</code> or the <code>name</code> itself.
434       */
435      private String[] handleDeprecation(String name) {
436        ArrayList<String > names = new ArrayList<String>();
437            if (isDeprecated(name)) {
438          DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(name);
439          warnOnceIfDeprecated(name);
440          for (String newKey : keyInfo.newKeys) {
441            if(newKey != null) {
442              names.add(newKey);
443            }
444          }
445        }
446        if(names.size() == 0) {
447          names.add(name);
448        }
449        for(String n : names) {
450              String deprecatedKey = reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.get(n);
451              if (deprecatedKey != null && !getOverlay().containsKey(n) &&
452                  getOverlay().containsKey(deprecatedKey)) {
453                getProps().setProperty(n, getOverlay().getProperty(deprecatedKey));
454                getOverlay().setProperty(n, getOverlay().getProperty(deprecatedKey));
455              }
456        }
457        return names.toArray(new String[names.size()]);
458      }
459     
460      private void handleDeprecation() {
461        LOG.debug("Handling deprecation for all properties in config...");
462        Set<Object> keys = new HashSet<Object>();
463        keys.addAll(getProps().keySet());
464        for (Object item: keys) {
465          LOG.debug("Handling deprecation for " + (String)item);
466          handleDeprecation((String)item);
467        }
468      }
469     
470      static{
471        //print deprecation warning if hadoop-site.xml is found in classpath
472        ClassLoader cL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
473        if (cL == null) {
474          cL = Configuration.class.getClassLoader();
475        }
476        if(cL.getResource("hadoop-site.xml")!=null) {
477          LOG.warn("DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath. " +
478              "Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site.xml, "
479              + "mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml to override properties of " +
480              "core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml " +
481              "respectively");
482        }
483        addDefaultResource("core-default.xml");
484        addDefaultResource("core-site.xml");
485        //Add code for managing deprecated key mapping
486        //for example
487        //addDeprecation("oldKey1",new String[]{"newkey1","newkey2"});
488        //adds deprecation for oldKey1 to two new keys(newkey1, newkey2).
489        //so get or set of oldKey1 will correctly populate/access values of 
490        //newkey1 and newkey2
491        addDeprecatedKeys();
492      }
493      
494      private Properties properties;
495      private Properties overlay;
496      private ClassLoader classLoader;
497      {
498        classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
499        if (classLoader == null) {
500          classLoader = Configuration.class.getClassLoader();
501        }
502      }
503      
504      /** A new configuration. */
505      public Configuration() {
506        this(true);
507      }
508    
509      /** A new configuration where the behavior of reading from the default 
510       * resources can be turned off.
511       * 
512       * If the parameter {@code loadDefaults} is false, the new instance
513       * will not load resources from the default files. 
514       * @param loadDefaults specifies whether to load from the default files
515       */
516      public Configuration(boolean loadDefaults) {
517        this.loadDefaults = loadDefaults;
518        updatingResource = new HashMap<String, String[]>();
519        synchronized(Configuration.class) {
520          REGISTRY.put(this, null);
521        }
522      }
523      
524      /** 
525       * A new configuration with the same settings cloned from another.
526       * 
527       * @param other the configuration from which to clone settings.
528       */
529      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
530      public Configuration(Configuration other) {
531       this.resources = (ArrayList<Resource>) other.resources.clone();
532       synchronized(other) {
533         if (other.properties != null) {
534           this.properties = (Properties)other.properties.clone();
535         }
536    
537         if (other.overlay!=null) {
538           this.overlay = (Properties)other.overlay.clone();
539         }
540    
541         this.updatingResource = new HashMap<String, String[]>(other.updatingResource);
542       }
543       
544        this.finalParameters = new HashSet<String>(other.finalParameters);
545        synchronized(Configuration.class) {
546          REGISTRY.put(this, null);
547        }
548        this.classLoader = other.classLoader;
549        this.loadDefaults = other.loadDefaults;
550        setQuietMode(other.getQuietMode());
551      }
552      
553      /**
554       * Add a default resource. Resources are loaded in the order of the resources 
555       * added.
556       * @param name file name. File should be present in the classpath.
557       */
558      public static synchronized void addDefaultResource(String name) {
559        if(!defaultResources.contains(name)) {
560          defaultResources.add(name);
561          for(Configuration conf : REGISTRY.keySet()) {
562            if(conf.loadDefaults) {
563              conf.reloadConfiguration();
564            }
565          }
566        }
567      }
568    
569      /**
570       * Add a configuration resource. 
571       * 
572       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
573       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
574       * 
575       * @param name resource to be added, the classpath is examined for a file 
576       *             with that name.
577       */
578      public void addResource(String name) {
579        addResourceObject(new Resource(name));
580      }
581    
582      /**
583       * Add a configuration resource. 
584       * 
585       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
586       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
587       * 
588       * @param url url of the resource to be added, the local filesystem is 
589       *            examined directly to find the resource, without referring to 
590       *            the classpath.
591       */
592      public void addResource(URL url) {
593        addResourceObject(new Resource(url));
594      }
595    
596      /**
597       * Add a configuration resource. 
598       * 
599       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
600       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
601       * 
602       * @param file file-path of resource to be added, the local filesystem is
603       *             examined directly to find the resource, without referring to 
604       *             the classpath.
605       */
606      public void addResource(Path file) {
607        addResourceObject(new Resource(file));
608      }
609    
610      /**
611       * Add a configuration resource. 
612       * 
613       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
614       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
615       * 
616       * WARNING: The contents of the InputStream will be cached, by this method. 
617       * So use this sparingly because it does increase the memory consumption.
618       * 
619       * @param in InputStream to deserialize the object from. In will be read from
620       * when a get or set is called next.  After it is read the stream will be
621       * closed. 
622       */
623      public void addResource(InputStream in) {
624        addResourceObject(new Resource(in));
625      }
626    
627      /**
628       * Add a configuration resource. 
629       * 
630       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
631       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
632       * 
633       * @param in InputStream to deserialize the object from.
634       * @param name the name of the resource because InputStream.toString is not
635       * very descriptive some times.  
636       */
637      public void addResource(InputStream in, String name) {
638        addResourceObject(new Resource(in, name));
639      }
640      
641      
642      /**
643       * Reload configuration from previously added resources.
644       *
645       * This method will clear all the configuration read from the added 
646       * resources, and final parameters. This will make the resources to 
647       * be read again before accessing the values. Values that are added
648       * via set methods will overlay values read from the resources.
649       */
650      public synchronized void reloadConfiguration() {
651        properties = null;                            // trigger reload
652        finalParameters.clear();                      // clear site-limits
653      }
654      
655      private synchronized void addResourceObject(Resource resource) {
656        resources.add(resource);                      // add to resources
657        reloadConfiguration();
658      }
659      
660      private static Pattern varPat = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{[^\\}\\$\u0020]+\\}");
661      private static int MAX_SUBST = 20;
662    
663      private String substituteVars(String expr) {
664        if (expr == null) {
665          return null;
666        }
667        Matcher match = varPat.matcher("");
668        String eval = expr;
669        for(int s=0; s<MAX_SUBST; s++) {
670          match.reset(eval);
671          if (!match.find()) {
672            return eval;
673          }
674          String var = match.group();
675          var = var.substring(2, var.length()-1); // remove ${ .. }
676          String val = null;
677          try {
678            val = System.getProperty(var);
679          } catch(SecurityException se) {
680            LOG.warn("Unexpected SecurityException in Configuration", se);
681          }
682          if (val == null) {
683            val = getRaw(var);
684          }
685          if (val == null) {
686            return eval; // return literal ${var}: var is unbound
687          }
688          // substitute
689          eval = eval.substring(0, match.start())+val+eval.substring(match.end());
690        }
691        throw new IllegalStateException("Variable substitution depth too large: " 
692                                        + MAX_SUBST + " " + expr);
693      }
694      
695      /**
696       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property, <code>null</code> if
697       * no such property exists. If the key is deprecated, it returns the value of
698       * the first key which replaces the deprecated key and is not null
699       * 
700       * Values are processed for <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a> 
701       * before being returned. 
702       * 
703       * @param name the property name.
704       * @return the value of the <code>name</code> or its replacing property, 
705       *         or null if no such property exists.
706       */
707      public String get(String name) {
708        String[] names = handleDeprecation(name);
709        String result = null;
710        for(String n : names) {
711          result = substituteVars(getProps().getProperty(n));
712        }
713        return result;
714      }
715      
716      /**
717       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a trimmed <code>String</code>, 
718       * <code>null</code> if no such property exists. 
719       * If the key is deprecated, it returns the value of
720       * the first key which replaces the deprecated key and is not null
721       * 
722       * Values are processed for <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a> 
723       * before being returned. 
724       * 
725       * @param name the property name.
726       * @return the value of the <code>name</code> or its replacing property, 
727       *         or null if no such property exists.
728       */
729      public String getTrimmed(String name) {
730        String value = get(name);
731        
732        if (null == value) {
733          return null;
734        } else {
735          return value.trim();
736        }
737      }
738    
739      /**
740       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property, without doing
741       * <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a>.If the key is 
742       * deprecated, it returns the value of the first key which replaces 
743       * the deprecated key and is not null.
744       * 
745       * @param name the property name.
746       * @return the value of the <code>name</code> property or 
747       *         its replacing property and null if no such property exists.
748       */
749      public String getRaw(String name) {
750        String[] names = handleDeprecation(name);
751        String result = null;
752        for(String n : names) {
753          result = getProps().getProperty(n);
754        }
755        return result;
756      }
757    
758      /** 
759       * Set the <code>value</code> of the <code>name</code> property. If 
760       * <code>name</code> is deprecated or there is a deprecated name associated to it,
761       * it sets the value to both names.
762       * 
763       * @param name property name.
764       * @param value property value.
765       */
766      public void set(String name, String value) {
767        set(name, value, null);
768      }
769      
770      /** 
771       * Set the <code>value</code> of the <code>name</code> property. If 
772       * <code>name</code> is deprecated or there is a deprecated name associated to it,
773       * it sets the value to both names.
774       * 
775       * @param name property name.
776       * @param value property value.
777       * @param source the place that this configuration value came from 
778       * (For debugging).
779       */
780      public void set(String name, String value, String source) {
781        if (deprecatedKeyMap.isEmpty()) {
782          getProps();
783        }
784        getOverlay().setProperty(name, value);
785        getProps().setProperty(name, value);
786        if(source == null) {
787          updatingResource.put(name, new String[] {"programatically"});
788        } else {
789          updatingResource.put(name, new String[] {source});
790        }
791        String[] altNames = getAlternateNames(name);
792        if (altNames != null && altNames.length > 0) {
793          String altSource = "because " + name + " is deprecated";
794          for(String altName : altNames) {
795            if(!altName.equals(name)) {
796              getOverlay().setProperty(altName, value);
797              getProps().setProperty(altName, value);
798              updatingResource.put(altName, new String[] {altSource});
799            }
800          }
801        }
802        warnOnceIfDeprecated(name);
803      }
804    
805      private void warnOnceIfDeprecated(String name) {
806        DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(name);
807        if (keyInfo != null && !keyInfo.accessed) {
808          LOG.warn(keyInfo.getWarningMessage(name));
809        }
810      }
811    
812      /**
813       * Unset a previously set property.
814       */
815      public synchronized void unset(String name) {
816        String[] altNames = getAlternateNames(name);
817        getOverlay().remove(name);
818        getProps().remove(name);
819        if (altNames !=null && altNames.length > 0) {
820          for(String altName : altNames) {
821            getOverlay().remove(altName);
822            getProps().remove(altName);
823          }
824        }
825      }
826    
827      /**
828       * Sets a property if it is currently unset.
829       * @param name the property name
830       * @param value the new value
831       */
832      public synchronized void setIfUnset(String name, String value) {
833        if (get(name) == null) {
834          set(name, value);
835        }
836      }
837      
838      private synchronized Properties getOverlay() {
839        if (overlay==null){
840          overlay=new Properties();
841        }
842        return overlay;
843      }
844    
845      /** 
846       * Get the value of the <code>name</code>. If the key is deprecated,
847       * it returns the value of the first key which replaces the deprecated key
848       * and is not null.
849       * If no such property exists,
850       * then <code>defaultValue</code> is returned.
851       * 
852       * @param name property name.
853       * @param defaultValue default value.
854       * @return property value, or <code>defaultValue</code> if the property 
855       *         doesn't exist.                    
856       */
857      public String get(String name, String defaultValue) {
858        String[] names = handleDeprecation(name);
859        String result = null;
860        for(String n : names) {
861          result = substituteVars(getProps().getProperty(n, defaultValue));
862        }
863        return result;
864      }
865        
866      /** 
867       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as an <code>int</code>.
868       *   
869       * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
870       * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>int</code>,
871       * then an error is thrown.
872       * 
873       * @param name property name.
874       * @param defaultValue default value.
875       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
876       * @return property value as an <code>int</code>, 
877       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
878       */
879      public int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {
880        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
881        if (valueString == null)
882          return defaultValue;
883        String hexString = getHexDigits(valueString);
884        if (hexString != null) {
885          return Integer.parseInt(hexString, 16);
886        }
887        return Integer.parseInt(valueString);
888      }
889    
890      /** 
891       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to an <code>int</code>.
892       * 
893       * @param name property name.
894       * @param value <code>int</code> value of the property.
895       */
896      public void setInt(String name, int value) {
897        set(name, Integer.toString(value));
898      }
899    
900    
901      /** 
902       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>long</code>.  
903       * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
904       * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>long</code>,
905       * then an error is thrown.
906       * 
907       * @param name property name.
908       * @param defaultValue default value.
909       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
910       * @return property value as a <code>long</code>, 
911       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
912       */
913      public long getLong(String name, long defaultValue) {
914        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
915        if (valueString == null)
916          return defaultValue;
917        String hexString = getHexDigits(valueString);
918        if (hexString != null) {
919          return Long.parseLong(hexString, 16);
920        }
921        return Long.parseLong(valueString);
922      }
923    
924      /**
925       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>long</code> or
926       * human readable format. If no such property exists, the provided default
927       * value is returned, or if the specified value is not a valid
928       * <code>long</code> or human readable format, then an error is thrown. You
929       * can use the following suffix (case insensitive): k(kilo), m(mega), g(giga),
930       * t(tera), p(peta), e(exa)
931       *
932       * @param name property name.
933       * @param defaultValue default value.
934       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
935       * @return property value as a <code>long</code>,
936       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
937       */
938      public long getLongBytes(String name, long defaultValue) {
939        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
940        if (valueString == null)
941          return defaultValue;
942        return StringUtils.TraditionalBinaryPrefix.string2long(valueString);
943      }
944    
945      private String getHexDigits(String value) {
946        boolean negative = false;
947        String str = value;
948        String hexString = null;
949        if (value.startsWith("-")) {
950          negative = true;
951          str = value.substring(1);
952        }
953        if (str.startsWith("0x") || str.startsWith("0X")) {
954          hexString = str.substring(2);
955          if (negative) {
956            hexString = "-" + hexString;
957          }
958          return hexString;
959        }
960        return null;
961      }
962      
963      /** 
964       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>long</code>.
965       * 
966       * @param name property name.
967       * @param value <code>long</code> value of the property.
968       */
969      public void setLong(String name, long value) {
970        set(name, Long.toString(value));
971      }
972    
973      /** 
974       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>float</code>.  
975       * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
976       * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>float</code>,
977       * then an error is thrown.
978       *
979       * @param name property name.
980       * @param defaultValue default value.
981       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
982       * @return property value as a <code>float</code>, 
983       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
984       */
985      public float getFloat(String name, float defaultValue) {
986        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
987        if (valueString == null)
988          return defaultValue;
989        return Float.parseFloat(valueString);
990      }
991      /**
992       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>float</code>.
993       * 
994       * @param name property name.
995       * @param value property value.
996       */
997      public void setFloat(String name, float value) {
998        set(name,Float.toString(value));
999      }
1000     
1001      /** 
1002       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>boolean</code>.  
1003       * If no such property is specified, or if the specified value is not a valid
1004       * <code>boolean</code>, then <code>defaultValue</code> is returned.
1005       * 
1006       * @param name property name.
1007       * @param defaultValue default value.
1008       * @return property value as a <code>boolean</code>, 
1009       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1010       */
1011      public boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue) {
1012        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
1013        if (null == valueString || "".equals(valueString)) {
1014          return defaultValue;
1015        }
1016    
1017        valueString = valueString.toLowerCase();
1018    
1019        if ("true".equals(valueString))
1020          return true;
1021        else if ("false".equals(valueString))
1022          return false;
1023        else return defaultValue;
1024      }
1025    
1026      /** 
1027       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>boolean</code>.
1028       * 
1029       * @param name property name.
1030       * @param value <code>boolean</code> value of the property.
1031       */
1032      public void setBoolean(String name, boolean value) {
1033        set(name, Boolean.toString(value));
1034      }
1035    
1036      /**
1037       * Set the given property, if it is currently unset.
1038       * @param name property name
1039       * @param value new value
1040       */
1041      public void setBooleanIfUnset(String name, boolean value) {
1042        setIfUnset(name, Boolean.toString(value));
1043      }
1044    
1045      /**
1046       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to the given type. This
1047       * is equivalent to <code>set(&lt;name&gt;, value.toString())</code>.
1048       * @param name property name
1049       * @param value new value
1050       */
1051      public <T extends Enum<T>> void setEnum(String name, T value) {
1052        set(name, value.toString());
1053      }
1054    
1055      /**
1056       * Return value matching this enumerated type.
1057       * @param name Property name
1058       * @param defaultValue Value returned if no mapping exists
1059       * @throws IllegalArgumentException If mapping is illegal for the type
1060       * provided
1061       */
1062      public <T extends Enum<T>> T getEnum(String name, T defaultValue) {
1063        final String val = get(name);
1064        return null == val
1065          ? defaultValue
1066          : Enum.valueOf(defaultValue.getDeclaringClass(), val);
1067      }
1068    
1069      /**
1070       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Pattern</code>.
1071       * If no such property is specified, or if the specified value is not a valid
1072       * <code>Pattern</code>, then <code>DefaultValue</code> is returned.
1073       *
1074       * @param name property name
1075       * @param defaultValue default value
1076       * @return property value as a compiled Pattern, or defaultValue
1077       */
1078      public Pattern getPattern(String name, Pattern defaultValue) {
1079        String valString = get(name);
1080        if (null == valString || "".equals(valString)) {
1081          return defaultValue;
1082        }
1083        try {
1084          return Pattern.compile(valString);
1085        } catch (PatternSyntaxException pse) {
1086          LOG.warn("Regular expression '" + valString + "' for property '" +
1087                   name + "' not valid. Using default", pse);
1088          return defaultValue;
1089        }
1090      }
1091    
1092      /**
1093       * Set the given property to <code>Pattern</code>.
1094       * If the pattern is passed as null, sets the empty pattern which results in
1095       * further calls to getPattern(...) returning the default value.
1096       *
1097       * @param name property name
1098       * @param pattern new value
1099       */
1100      public void setPattern(String name, Pattern pattern) {
1101        if (null == pattern) {
1102          set(name, null);
1103        } else {
1104          set(name, pattern.pattern());
1105        }
1106      }
1107    
1108      /**
1109       * Gets information about why a property was set.  Typically this is the 
1110       * path to the resource objects (file, URL, etc.) the property came from, but
1111       * it can also indicate that it was set programatically, or because of the
1112       * command line.
1113       *
1114       * @param name - The property name to get the source of.
1115       * @return null - If the property or its source wasn't found. Otherwise, 
1116       * returns a list of the sources of the resource.  The older sources are
1117       * the first ones in the list.  So for example if a configuration is set from
1118       * the command line, and then written out to a file that is read back in the
1119       * first entry would indicate that it was set from the command line, while
1120       * the second one would indicate the file that the new configuration was read
1121       * in from.
1122       */
1123      @InterfaceStability.Unstable
1124      public synchronized String[] getPropertySources(String name) {
1125        if (properties == null) {
1126          // If properties is null, it means a resource was newly added
1127          // but the props were cleared so as to load it upon future
1128          // requests. So lets force a load by asking a properties list.
1129          getProps();
1130        }
1131        // Return a null right away if our properties still
1132        // haven't loaded or the resource mapping isn't defined
1133        if (properties == null || updatingResource == null) {
1134          return null;
1135        } else {
1136          String[] source = updatingResource.get(name);
1137          if(source == null) {
1138            return null;
1139          } else {
1140            return Arrays.copyOf(source, source.length);
1141          }
1142        }
1143      }
1144    
1145      /**
1146       * A class that represents a set of positive integer ranges. It parses 
1147       * strings of the form: "2-3,5,7-" where ranges are separated by comma and 
1148       * the lower/upper bounds are separated by dash. Either the lower or upper 
1149       * bound may be omitted meaning all values up to or over. So the string 
1150       * above means 2, 3, 5, and 7, 8, 9, ...
1151       */
1152      public static class IntegerRanges implements Iterable<Integer>{
1153        private static class Range {
1154          int start;
1155          int end;
1156        }
1157        
1158        private static class RangeNumberIterator implements Iterator<Integer> {
1159          Iterator<Range> internal;
1160          int at;
1161          int end;
1162    
1163          public RangeNumberIterator(List<Range> ranges) {
1164            if (ranges != null) {
1165              internal = ranges.iterator();
1166            }
1167            at = -1;
1168            end = -2;
1169          }
1170          
1171          @Override
1172          public boolean hasNext() {
1173            if (at <= end) {
1174              return true;
1175            } else if (internal != null){
1176              return internal.hasNext();
1177            }
1178            return false;
1179          }
1180    
1181          @Override
1182          public Integer next() {
1183            if (at <= end) {
1184              at++;
1185              return at - 1;
1186            } else if (internal != null){
1187              Range found = internal.next();
1188              if (found != null) {
1189                at = found.start;
1190                end = found.end;
1191                at++;
1192                return at - 1;
1193              }
1194            }
1195            return null;
1196          }
1197    
1198          @Override
1199          public void remove() {
1200            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1201          }
1202        };
1203    
1204        List<Range> ranges = new ArrayList<Range>();
1205        
1206        public IntegerRanges() {
1207        }
1208        
1209        public IntegerRanges(String newValue) {
1210          StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(newValue, ",");
1211          while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
1212            String rng = itr.nextToken().trim();
1213            String[] parts = rng.split("-", 3);
1214            if (parts.length < 1 || parts.length > 2) {
1215              throw new IllegalArgumentException("integer range badly formed: " + 
1216                                                 rng);
1217            }
1218            Range r = new Range();
1219            r.start = convertToInt(parts[0], 0);
1220            if (parts.length == 2) {
1221              r.end = convertToInt(parts[1], Integer.MAX_VALUE);
1222            } else {
1223              r.end = r.start;
1224            }
1225            if (r.start > r.end) {
1226              throw new IllegalArgumentException("IntegerRange from " + r.start + 
1227                                                 " to " + r.end + " is invalid");
1228            }
1229            ranges.add(r);
1230          }
1231        }
1232    
1233        /**
1234         * Convert a string to an int treating empty strings as the default value.
1235         * @param value the string value
1236         * @param defaultValue the value for if the string is empty
1237         * @return the desired integer
1238         */
1239        private static int convertToInt(String value, int defaultValue) {
1240          String trim = value.trim();
1241          if (trim.length() == 0) {
1242            return defaultValue;
1243          }
1244          return Integer.parseInt(trim);
1245        }
1246    
1247        /**
1248         * Is the given value in the set of ranges
1249         * @param value the value to check
1250         * @return is the value in the ranges?
1251         */
1252        public boolean isIncluded(int value) {
1253          for(Range r: ranges) {
1254            if (r.start <= value && value <= r.end) {
1255              return true;
1256            }
1257          }
1258          return false;
1259        }
1260        
1261        /**
1262         * @return true if there are no values in this range, else false.
1263         */
1264        public boolean isEmpty() {
1265          return ranges == null || ranges.isEmpty();
1266        }
1267        
1268        @Override
1269        public String toString() {
1270          StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
1271          boolean first = true;
1272          for(Range r: ranges) {
1273            if (first) {
1274              first = false;
1275            } else {
1276              result.append(',');
1277            }
1278            result.append(r.start);
1279            result.append('-');
1280            result.append(r.end);
1281          }
1282          return result.toString();
1283        }
1284    
1285        @Override
1286        public Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
1287          return new RangeNumberIterator(ranges);
1288        }
1289        
1290      }
1291    
1292      /**
1293       * Parse the given attribute as a set of integer ranges
1294       * @param name the attribute name
1295       * @param defaultValue the default value if it is not set
1296       * @return a new set of ranges from the configured value
1297       */
1298      public IntegerRanges getRange(String name, String defaultValue) {
1299        return new IntegerRanges(get(name, defaultValue));
1300      }
1301    
1302      /** 
1303       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1304       * a collection of <code>String</code>s.  
1305       * If no such property is specified then empty collection is returned.
1306       * <p>
1307       * This is an optimized version of {@link #getStrings(String)}
1308       * 
1309       * @param name property name.
1310       * @return property value as a collection of <code>String</code>s. 
1311       */
1312      public Collection<String> getStringCollection(String name) {
1313        String valueString = get(name);
1314        return StringUtils.getStringCollection(valueString);
1315      }
1316    
1317      /** 
1318       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1319       * an array of <code>String</code>s.  
1320       * If no such property is specified then <code>null</code> is returned.
1321       * 
1322       * @param name property name.
1323       * @return property value as an array of <code>String</code>s, 
1324       *         or <code>null</code>. 
1325       */
1326      public String[] getStrings(String name) {
1327        String valueString = get(name);
1328        return StringUtils.getStrings(valueString);
1329      }
1330    
1331      /** 
1332       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1333       * an array of <code>String</code>s.  
1334       * If no such property is specified then default value is returned.
1335       * 
1336       * @param name property name.
1337       * @param defaultValue The default value
1338       * @return property value as an array of <code>String</code>s, 
1339       *         or default value. 
1340       */
1341      public String[] getStrings(String name, String... defaultValue) {
1342        String valueString = get(name);
1343        if (valueString == null) {
1344          return defaultValue;
1345        } else {
1346          return StringUtils.getStrings(valueString);
1347        }
1348      }
1349      
1350      /** 
1351       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1352       * a collection of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing whitespace.  
1353       * If no such property is specified then empty <code>Collection</code> is returned.
1354       *
1355       * @param name property name.
1356       * @return property value as a collection of <code>String</code>s, or empty <code>Collection</code> 
1357       */
1358      public Collection<String> getTrimmedStringCollection(String name) {
1359        String valueString = get(name);
1360        if (null == valueString) {
1361          Collection<String> empty = new ArrayList<String>();
1362          return empty;
1363        }
1364        return StringUtils.getTrimmedStringCollection(valueString);
1365      }
1366      
1367      /** 
1368       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1369       * an array of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing whitespace.
1370       * If no such property is specified then an empty array is returned.
1371       * 
1372       * @param name property name.
1373       * @return property value as an array of trimmed <code>String</code>s, 
1374       *         or empty array. 
1375       */
1376      public String[] getTrimmedStrings(String name) {
1377        String valueString = get(name);
1378        return StringUtils.getTrimmedStrings(valueString);
1379      }
1380    
1381      /** 
1382       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1383       * an array of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing whitespace.
1384       * If no such property is specified then default value is returned.
1385       * 
1386       * @param name property name.
1387       * @param defaultValue The default value
1388       * @return property value as an array of trimmed <code>String</code>s, 
1389       *         or default value. 
1390       */
1391      public String[] getTrimmedStrings(String name, String... defaultValue) {
1392        String valueString = get(name);
1393        if (null == valueString) {
1394          return defaultValue;
1395        } else {
1396          return StringUtils.getTrimmedStrings(valueString);
1397        }
1398      }
1399    
1400      /** 
1401       * Set the array of string values for the <code>name</code> property as 
1402       * as comma delimited values.  
1403       * 
1404       * @param name property name.
1405       * @param values The values
1406       */
1407      public void setStrings(String name, String... values) {
1408        set(name, StringUtils.arrayToString(values));
1409      }
1410    
1411      /**
1412       * Get the socket address for <code>name</code> property as a
1413       * <code>InetSocketAddress</code>.
1414       * @param name property name.
1415       * @param defaultAddress the default value
1416       * @param defaultPort the default port
1417       * @return InetSocketAddress
1418       */
1419      public InetSocketAddress getSocketAddr(
1420          String name, String defaultAddress, int defaultPort) {
1421        final String address = get(name, defaultAddress);
1422        return NetUtils.createSocketAddr(address, defaultPort, name);
1423      }
1424    
1425      /**
1426       * Set the socket address for the <code>name</code> property as
1427       * a <code>host:port</code>.
1428       */
1429      public void setSocketAddr(String name, InetSocketAddress addr) {
1430        set(name, NetUtils.getHostPortString(addr));
1431      }
1432      
1433      /**
1434       * Set the socket address a client can use to connect for the
1435       * <code>name</code> property as a <code>host:port</code>.  The wildcard
1436       * address is replaced with the local host's address.
1437       * @param name property name.
1438       * @param addr InetSocketAddress of a listener to store in the given property
1439       * @return InetSocketAddress for clients to connect
1440       */
1441      public InetSocketAddress updateConnectAddr(String name,
1442                                                 InetSocketAddress addr) {
1443        final InetSocketAddress connectAddr = NetUtils.getConnectAddress(addr);
1444        setSocketAddr(name, connectAddr);
1445        return connectAddr;
1446      }
1447      
1448      /**
1449       * Load a class by name.
1450       * 
1451       * @param name the class name.
1452       * @return the class object.
1453       * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found.
1454       */
1455      public Class<?> getClassByName(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
1456        Class<?> ret = getClassByNameOrNull(name);
1457        if (ret == null) {
1458          throw new ClassNotFoundException("Class " + name + " not found");
1459        }
1460        return ret;
1461      }
1462      
1463      /**
1464       * Load a class by name, returning null rather than throwing an exception
1465       * if it couldn't be loaded. This is to avoid the overhead of creating
1466       * an exception.
1467       * 
1468       * @param name the class name
1469       * @return the class object, or null if it could not be found.
1470       */
1471      public Class<?> getClassByNameOrNull(String name) {
1472        Map<String, Class<?>> map;
1473        
1474        synchronized (CACHE_CLASSES) {
1475          map = CACHE_CLASSES.get(classLoader);
1476          if (map == null) {
1477            map = Collections.synchronizedMap(
1478              new WeakHashMap<String, Class<?>>());
1479            CACHE_CLASSES.put(classLoader, map);
1480          }
1481        }
1482    
1483        Class<?> clazz = map.get(name);
1484        if (clazz == null) {
1485          try {
1486            clazz = Class.forName(name, true, classLoader);
1487          } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1488            // Leave a marker that the class isn't found
1489            map.put(name, NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL);
1490            return null;
1491          }
1492          // two putters can race here, but they'll put the same class
1493          map.put(name, clazz);
1494          return clazz;
1495        } else if (clazz == NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL) {
1496          return null; // not found
1497        } else {
1498          // cache hit
1499          return clazz;
1500        }
1501      }
1502    
1503      /** 
1504       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property
1505       * as an array of <code>Class</code>.
1506       * The value of the property specifies a list of comma separated class names.  
1507       * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is 
1508       * returned.
1509       * 
1510       * @param name the property name.
1511       * @param defaultValue default value.
1512       * @return property value as a <code>Class[]</code>, 
1513       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1514       */
1515      public Class<?>[] getClasses(String name, Class<?> ... defaultValue) {
1516        String[] classnames = getTrimmedStrings(name);
1517        if (classnames == null)
1518          return defaultValue;
1519        try {
1520          Class<?>[] classes = new Class<?>[classnames.length];
1521          for(int i = 0; i < classnames.length; i++) {
1522            classes[i] = getClassByName(classnames[i]);
1523          }
1524          return classes;
1525        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1526          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1527        }
1528      }
1529    
1530      /** 
1531       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Class</code>.  
1532       * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is 
1533       * returned.
1534       * 
1535       * @param name the class name.
1536       * @param defaultValue default value.
1537       * @return property value as a <code>Class</code>, 
1538       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1539       */
1540      public Class<?> getClass(String name, Class<?> defaultValue) {
1541        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
1542        if (valueString == null)
1543          return defaultValue;
1544        try {
1545          return getClassByName(valueString);
1546        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1547          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1548        }
1549      }
1550    
1551      /** 
1552       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Class</code>
1553       * implementing the interface specified by <code>xface</code>.
1554       *   
1555       * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is 
1556       * returned.
1557       * 
1558       * An exception is thrown if the returned class does not implement the named
1559       * interface. 
1560       * 
1561       * @param name the class name.
1562       * @param defaultValue default value.
1563       * @param xface the interface implemented by the named class.
1564       * @return property value as a <code>Class</code>, 
1565       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
1566       */
1567      public <U> Class<? extends U> getClass(String name, 
1568                                             Class<? extends U> defaultValue, 
1569                                             Class<U> xface) {
1570        try {
1571          Class<?> theClass = getClass(name, defaultValue);
1572          if (theClass != null && !xface.isAssignableFrom(theClass))
1573            throw new RuntimeException(theClass+" not "+xface.getName());
1574          else if (theClass != null)
1575            return theClass.asSubclass(xface);
1576          else
1577            return null;
1578        } catch (Exception e) {
1579          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1580        }
1581      }
1582    
1583      /**
1584       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>List</code>
1585       * of objects implementing the interface specified by <code>xface</code>.
1586       * 
1587       * An exception is thrown if any of the classes does not exist, or if it does
1588       * not implement the named interface.
1589       * 
1590       * @param name the property name.
1591       * @param xface the interface implemented by the classes named by
1592       *        <code>name</code>.
1593       * @return a <code>List</code> of objects implementing <code>xface</code>.
1594       */
1595      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1596      public <U> List<U> getInstances(String name, Class<U> xface) {
1597        List<U> ret = new ArrayList<U>();
1598        Class<?>[] classes = getClasses(name);
1599        for (Class<?> cl: classes) {
1600          if (!xface.isAssignableFrom(cl)) {
1601            throw new RuntimeException(cl + " does not implement " + xface);
1602          }
1603          ret.add((U)ReflectionUtils.newInstance(cl, this));
1604        }
1605        return ret;
1606      }
1607    
1608      /** 
1609       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to the name of a 
1610       * <code>theClass</code> implementing the given interface <code>xface</code>.
1611       * 
1612       * An exception is thrown if <code>theClass</code> does not implement the 
1613       * interface <code>xface</code>. 
1614       * 
1615       * @param name property name.
1616       * @param theClass property value.
1617       * @param xface the interface implemented by the named class.
1618       */
1619      public void setClass(String name, Class<?> theClass, Class<?> xface) {
1620        if (!xface.isAssignableFrom(theClass))
1621          throw new RuntimeException(theClass+" not "+xface.getName());
1622        set(name, theClass.getName());
1623      }
1624    
1625      /** 
1626       * Get a local file under a directory named by <i>dirsProp</i> with
1627       * the given <i>path</i>.  If <i>dirsProp</i> contains multiple directories,
1628       * then one is chosen based on <i>path</i>'s hash code.  If the selected
1629       * directory does not exist, an attempt is made to create it.
1630       * 
1631       * @param dirsProp directory in which to locate the file.
1632       * @param path file-path.
1633       * @return local file under the directory with the given path.
1634       */
1635      public Path getLocalPath(String dirsProp, String path)
1636        throws IOException {
1637        String[] dirs = getTrimmedStrings(dirsProp);
1638        int hashCode = path.hashCode();
1639        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.getLocal(this);
1640        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.length; i++) {  // try each local dir
1641          int index = (hashCode+i & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % dirs.length;
1642          Path file = new Path(dirs[index], path);
1643          Path dir = file.getParent();
1644          if (fs.mkdirs(dir) || fs.exists(dir)) {
1645            return file;
1646          }
1647        }
1648        LOG.warn("Could not make " + path + 
1649                 " in local directories from " + dirsProp);
1650        for(int i=0; i < dirs.length; i++) {
1651          int index = (hashCode+i & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % dirs.length;
1652          LOG.warn(dirsProp + "[" + index + "]=" + dirs[index]);
1653        }
1654        throw new IOException("No valid local directories in property: "+dirsProp);
1655      }
1656    
1657      /** 
1658       * Get a local file name under a directory named in <i>dirsProp</i> with
1659       * the given <i>path</i>.  If <i>dirsProp</i> contains multiple directories,
1660       * then one is chosen based on <i>path</i>'s hash code.  If the selected
1661       * directory does not exist, an attempt is made to create it.
1662       * 
1663       * @param dirsProp directory in which to locate the file.
1664       * @param path file-path.
1665       * @return local file under the directory with the given path.
1666       */
1667      public File getFile(String dirsProp, String path)
1668        throws IOException {
1669        String[] dirs = getTrimmedStrings(dirsProp);
1670        int hashCode = path.hashCode();
1671        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.length; i++) {  // try each local dir
1672          int index = (hashCode+i & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % dirs.length;
1673          File file = new File(dirs[index], path);
1674          File dir = file.getParentFile();
1675          if (dir.exists() || dir.mkdirs()) {
1676            return file;
1677          }
1678        }
1679        throw new IOException("No valid local directories in property: "+dirsProp);
1680      }
1681    
1682      /** 
1683       * Get the {@link URL} for the named resource.
1684       * 
1685       * @param name resource name.
1686       * @return the url for the named resource.
1687       */
1688      public URL getResource(String name) {
1689        return classLoader.getResource(name);
1690      }
1691      
1692      /** 
1693       * Get an input stream attached to the configuration resource with the
1694       * given <code>name</code>.
1695       * 
1696       * @param name configuration resource name.
1697       * @return an input stream attached to the resource.
1698       */
1699      public InputStream getConfResourceAsInputStream(String name) {
1700        try {
1701          URL url= getResource(name);
1702    
1703          if (url == null) {
1704            LOG.info(name + " not found");
1705            return null;
1706          } else {
1707            LOG.info("found resource " + name + " at " + url);
1708          }
1709    
1710          return url.openStream();
1711        } catch (Exception e) {
1712          return null;
1713        }
1714      }
1715    
1716      /** 
1717       * Get a {@link Reader} attached to the configuration resource with the
1718       * given <code>name</code>.
1719       * 
1720       * @param name configuration resource name.
1721       * @return a reader attached to the resource.
1722       */
1723      public Reader getConfResourceAsReader(String name) {
1724        try {
1725          URL url= getResource(name);
1726    
1727          if (url == null) {
1728            LOG.info(name + " not found");
1729            return null;
1730          } else {
1731            LOG.info("found resource " + name + " at " + url);
1732          }
1733    
1734          return new InputStreamReader(url.openStream());
1735        } catch (Exception e) {
1736          return null;
1737        }
1738      }
1739    
1740      protected synchronized Properties getProps() {
1741        if (properties == null) {
1742          properties = new Properties();
1743          HashMap<String, String[]> backup = 
1744            new HashMap<String, String[]>(updatingResource);
1745          loadResources(properties, resources, quietmode);
1746          if (overlay!= null) {
1747            properties.putAll(overlay);
1748            for (Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: overlay.entrySet()) {
1749              String key = (String)item.getKey();
1750              updatingResource.put(key, backup.get(key));
1751            }
1752          }
1753        }
1754        return properties;
1755      }
1756    
1757      /**
1758       * Return the number of keys in the configuration.
1759       *
1760       * @return number of keys in the configuration.
1761       */
1762      public int size() {
1763        return getProps().size();
1764      }
1765    
1766      /**
1767       * Clears all keys from the configuration.
1768       */
1769      public void clear() {
1770        getProps().clear();
1771        getOverlay().clear();
1772      }
1773    
1774      /**
1775       * Get an {@link Iterator} to go through the list of <code>String</code> 
1776       * key-value pairs in the configuration.
1777       * 
1778       * @return an iterator over the entries.
1779       */
1780      public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
1781        // Get a copy of just the string to string pairs. After the old object
1782        // methods that allow non-strings to be put into configurations are removed,
1783        // we could replace properties with a Map<String,String> and get rid of this
1784        // code.
1785        Map<String,String> result = new HashMap<String,String>();
1786        for(Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: getProps().entrySet()) {
1787          if (item.getKey() instanceof String && 
1788              item.getValue() instanceof String) {
1789            result.put((String) item.getKey(), (String) item.getValue());
1790          }
1791        }
1792        return result.entrySet().iterator();
1793      }
1794    
1795      private void loadResources(Properties properties,
1796                                 ArrayList<Resource> resources,
1797                                 boolean quiet) {
1798        if(loadDefaults) {
1799          for (String resource : defaultResources) {
1800            loadResource(properties, new Resource(resource), quiet);
1801          }
1802        
1803          //support the hadoop-site.xml as a deprecated case
1804          if(getResource("hadoop-site.xml")!=null) {
1805            loadResource(properties, new Resource("hadoop-site.xml"), quiet);
1806          }
1807        }
1808        
1809        for (int i = 0; i < resources.size(); i++) {
1810          Resource ret = loadResource(properties, resources.get(i), quiet);
1811          if (ret != null) {
1812            resources.set(i, ret);
1813          }
1814        }
1815      }
1816      
1817      private Resource loadResource(Properties properties, Resource wrapper, boolean quiet) {
1818        String name = UNKNOWN_RESOURCE;
1819        try {
1820          Object resource = wrapper.getResource();
1821          name = wrapper.getName();
1822          
1823          DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFactory 
1824            = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
1825          //ignore all comments inside the xml file
1826          docBuilderFactory.setIgnoringComments(true);
1827    
1828          //allow includes in the xml file
1829          docBuilderFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
1830          try {
1831              docBuilderFactory.setXIncludeAware(true);
1832          } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
1833            LOG.error("Failed to set setXIncludeAware(true) for parser "
1834                    + docBuilderFactory
1835                    + ":" + e,
1836                    e);
1837          }
1838          DocumentBuilder builder = docBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
1839          Document doc = null;
1840          Element root = null;
1841          boolean returnCachedProperties = false;
1842          
1843          if (resource instanceof URL) {                  // an URL resource
1844            URL url = (URL)resource;
1845            if (url != null) {
1846              if (!quiet) {
1847                LOG.info("parsing " + url);
1848              }
1849              doc = builder.parse(url.toString());
1850            }
1851          } else if (resource instanceof String) {        // a CLASSPATH resource
1852            URL url = getResource((String)resource);
1853            if (url != null) {
1854              if (!quiet) {
1855                LOG.info("parsing " + url);
1856              }
1857              doc = builder.parse(url.toString());
1858            }
1859          } else if (resource instanceof Path) {          // a file resource
1860            // Can't use FileSystem API or we get an infinite loop
1861            // since FileSystem uses Configuration API.  Use java.io.File instead.
1862            File file = new File(((Path)resource).toUri().getPath())
1863              .getAbsoluteFile();
1864            if (file.exists()) {
1865              if (!quiet) {
1866                LOG.info("parsing " + file);
1867              }
1868              InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
1869              try {
1870                doc = builder.parse(in);
1871              } finally {
1872                in.close();
1873              }
1874            }
1875          } else if (resource instanceof InputStream) {
1876            try {
1877              doc = builder.parse((InputStream)resource);
1878              returnCachedProperties = true;
1879            } finally {
1880              ((InputStream)resource).close();
1881            }
1882          } else if (resource instanceof Properties) {
1883            overlay(properties, (Properties)resource);
1884          } else if (resource instanceof Element) {
1885            root = (Element)resource;
1886          }
1887    
1888          if (doc == null && root == null) {
1889            if (quiet)
1890              return null;
1891            throw new RuntimeException(resource + " not found");
1892          }
1893    
1894          if (root == null) {
1895            root = doc.getDocumentElement();
1896          }
1897          Properties toAddTo = properties;
1898          if(returnCachedProperties) {
1899            toAddTo = new Properties();
1900          }
1901          if (!"configuration".equals(root.getTagName()))
1902            LOG.fatal("bad conf file: top-level element not <configuration>");
1903          NodeList props = root.getChildNodes();
1904          for (int i = 0; i < props.getLength(); i++) {
1905            Node propNode = props.item(i);
1906            if (!(propNode instanceof Element))
1907              continue;
1908            Element prop = (Element)propNode;
1909            if ("configuration".equals(prop.getTagName())) {
1910              loadResource(toAddTo, new Resource(prop, name), quiet);
1911              continue;
1912            }
1913            if (!"property".equals(prop.getTagName()))
1914              LOG.warn("bad conf file: element not <property>");
1915            NodeList fields = prop.getChildNodes();
1916            String attr = null;
1917            String value = null;
1918            boolean finalParameter = false;
1919            LinkedList<String> source = new LinkedList<String>();
1920            for (int j = 0; j < fields.getLength(); j++) {
1921              Node fieldNode = fields.item(j);
1922              if (!(fieldNode instanceof Element))
1923                continue;
1924              Element field = (Element)fieldNode;
1925              if ("name".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1926                attr = StringInterner.weakIntern(
1927                    ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData().trim());
1928              if ("value".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1929                value = StringInterner.weakIntern(
1930                    ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData());
1931              if ("final".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1932                finalParameter = "true".equals(((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData());
1933              if ("source".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1934                source.add(StringInterner.weakIntern(
1935                    ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData()));
1936            }
1937            source.add(name);
1938            
1939            // Ignore this parameter if it has already been marked as 'final'
1940            if (attr != null) {
1941              if (deprecatedKeyMap.containsKey(attr)) {
1942                DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(attr);
1943                keyInfo.accessed = false;
1944                for (String key:keyInfo.newKeys) {
1945                  // update new keys with deprecated key's value 
1946                  loadProperty(toAddTo, name, key, value, finalParameter, 
1947                      source.toArray(new String[source.size()]));
1948                }
1949              }
1950              else {
1951                loadProperty(toAddTo, name, attr, value, finalParameter, 
1952                    source.toArray(new String[source.size()]));
1953              }
1954            }
1955          }
1956          
1957          if (returnCachedProperties) {
1958            overlay(properties, toAddTo);
1959            return new Resource(toAddTo, name);
1960          }
1961          return null;
1962        } catch (IOException e) {
1963          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name, e);
1964          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1965        } catch (DOMException e) {
1966          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name, e);
1967          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1968        } catch (SAXException e) {
1969          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name, e);
1970          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1971        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
1972          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name , e);
1973          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1974        }
1975      }
1976    
1977      private void overlay(Properties to, Properties from) {
1978        for (Entry<Object, Object> entry: from.entrySet()) {
1979          to.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
1980        }
1981      }
1982      
1983      private void loadProperty(Properties properties, String name, String attr,
1984          String value, boolean finalParameter, String[] source) {
1985        if (value != null) {
1986          if (!finalParameters.contains(attr)) {
1987            properties.setProperty(attr, value);
1988            updatingResource.put(attr, source);
1989          } else {
1990            LOG.warn(name+":an attempt to override final parameter: "+attr
1991                +";  Ignoring.");
1992          }
1993        }
1994        if (finalParameter) {
1995          finalParameters.add(attr);
1996        }
1997      }
1998    
1999      /** 
2000       * Write out the non-default properties in this configuration to the given
2001       * {@link OutputStream}.
2002       * 
2003       * @param out the output stream to write to.
2004       */
2005      public void writeXml(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
2006        writeXml(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
2007      }
2008    
2009      /** 
2010       * Write out the non-default properties in this configuration to the given
2011       * {@link Writer}.
2012       * 
2013       * @param out the writer to write to.
2014       */
2015      public void writeXml(Writer out) throws IOException {
2016        Document doc = asXmlDocument();
2017    
2018        try {
2019          DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
2020          StreamResult result = new StreamResult(out);
2021          TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
2022          Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
2023    
2024          // Important to not hold Configuration log while writing result, since
2025          // 'out' may be an HDFS stream which needs to lock this configuration
2026          // from another thread.
2027          transformer.transform(source, result);
2028        } catch (TransformerException te) {
2029          throw new IOException(te);
2030        }
2031      }
2032    
2033      /**
2034       * Return the XML DOM corresponding to this Configuration.
2035       */
2036      private synchronized Document asXmlDocument() throws IOException {
2037        Document doc;
2038        try {
2039          doc =
2040            DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().newDocument();
2041        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pe) {
2042          throw new IOException(pe);
2043        }
2044        Element conf = doc.createElement("configuration");
2045        doc.appendChild(conf);
2046        conf.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("\n"));
2047        handleDeprecation(); //ensure properties is set and deprecation is handled
2048        for (Enumeration e = properties.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
2049          String name = (String)e.nextElement();
2050          Object object = properties.get(name);
2051          String value = null;
2052          if (object instanceof String) {
2053            value = (String) object;
2054          }else {
2055            continue;
2056          }
2057          Element propNode = doc.createElement("property");
2058          conf.appendChild(propNode);
2059    
2060          Element nameNode = doc.createElement("name");
2061          nameNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(name));
2062          propNode.appendChild(nameNode);
2063    
2064          Element valueNode = doc.createElement("value");
2065          valueNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(value));
2066          propNode.appendChild(valueNode);
2067    
2068          if (updatingResource != null) {
2069            String[] sources = updatingResource.get(name);
2070            if(sources != null) {
2071              for(String s : sources) {
2072                Element sourceNode = doc.createElement("source");
2073                sourceNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(s));
2074                propNode.appendChild(sourceNode);
2075              }
2076            }
2077          }
2078          
2079          conf.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("\n"));
2080        }
2081        return doc;
2082      }
2083    
2084      /**
2085       *  Writes out all the parameters and their properties (final and resource) to
2086       *  the given {@link Writer}
2087       *  The format of the output would be 
2088       *  { "properties" : [ {key1,value1,key1.isFinal,key1.resource}, {key2,value2,
2089       *  key2.isFinal,key2.resource}... ] } 
2090       *  It does not output the parameters of the configuration object which is 
2091       *  loaded from an input stream.
2092       * @param out the Writer to write to
2093       * @throws IOException
2094       */
2095      public static void dumpConfiguration(Configuration config,
2096          Writer out) throws IOException {
2097        JsonFactory dumpFactory = new JsonFactory();
2098        JsonGenerator dumpGenerator = dumpFactory.createJsonGenerator(out);
2099        dumpGenerator.writeStartObject();
2100        dumpGenerator.writeFieldName("properties");
2101        dumpGenerator.writeStartArray();
2102        dumpGenerator.flush();
2103        synchronized (config) {
2104          for (Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: config.getProps().entrySet()) {
2105            dumpGenerator.writeStartObject();
2106            dumpGenerator.writeStringField("key", (String) item.getKey());
2107            dumpGenerator.writeStringField("value", 
2108                                           config.get((String) item.getKey()));
2109            dumpGenerator.writeBooleanField("isFinal",
2110                                            config.finalParameters.contains(item.getKey()));
2111            String[] resources = config.updatingResource.get(item.getKey());
2112            String resource = UNKNOWN_RESOURCE;
2113            if(resources != null && resources.length > 0) {
2114              resource = resources[0];
2115            }
2116            dumpGenerator.writeStringField("resource", resource);
2117            dumpGenerator.writeEndObject();
2118          }
2119        }
2120        dumpGenerator.writeEndArray();
2121        dumpGenerator.writeEndObject();
2122        dumpGenerator.flush();
2123      }
2124      
2125      /**
2126       * Get the {@link ClassLoader} for this job.
2127       * 
2128       * @return the correct class loader.
2129       */
2130      public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
2131        return classLoader;
2132      }
2133      
2134      /**
2135       * Set the class loader that will be used to load the various objects.
2136       * 
2137       * @param classLoader the new class loader.
2138       */
2139      public void setClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
2140        this.classLoader = classLoader;
2141      }
2142      
2143      @Override
2144      public String toString() {
2145        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
2146        sb.append("Configuration: ");
2147        if(loadDefaults) {
2148          toString(defaultResources, sb);
2149          if(resources.size()>0) {
2150            sb.append(", ");
2151          }
2152        }
2153        toString(resources, sb);
2154        return sb.toString();
2155      }
2156      
2157      private <T> void toString(List<T> resources, StringBuilder sb) {
2158        ListIterator<T> i = resources.listIterator();
2159        while (i.hasNext()) {
2160          if (i.nextIndex() != 0) {
2161            sb.append(", ");
2162          }
2163          sb.append(i.next());
2164        }
2165      }
2166    
2167      /** 
2168       * Set the quietness-mode. 
2169       * 
2170       * In the quiet-mode, error and informational messages might not be logged.
2171       * 
2172       * @param quietmode <code>true</code> to set quiet-mode on, <code>false</code>
2173       *              to turn it off.
2174       */
2175      public synchronized void setQuietMode(boolean quietmode) {
2176        this.quietmode = quietmode;
2177      }
2178    
2179      synchronized boolean getQuietMode() {
2180        return this.quietmode;
2181      }
2182      
2183      /** For debugging.  List non-default properties to the terminal and exit. */
2184      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
2185        new Configuration().writeXml(System.out);
2186      }
2187    
2188      @Override
2189      public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
2190        clear();
2191        int size = WritableUtils.readVInt(in);
2192        for(int i=0; i < size; ++i) {
2193          String key = org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.readString(in);
2194          String value = org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.readString(in);
2195          set(key, value); 
2196          String sources[] = WritableUtils.readCompressedStringArray(in);
2197          updatingResource.put(key, sources);
2198        }
2199      }
2200    
2201      //@Override
2202      public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
2203        Properties props = getProps();
2204        WritableUtils.writeVInt(out, props.size());
2205        for(Map.Entry<Object, Object> item: props.entrySet()) {
2206          org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.writeString(out, (String) item.getKey());
2207          org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.writeString(out, (String) item.getValue());
2208          WritableUtils.writeCompressedStringArray(out, 
2209              updatingResource.get(item.getKey()));
2210        }
2211      }
2212      
2213      /**
2214       * get keys matching the the regex 
2215       * @param regex
2216       * @return Map<String,String> with matching keys
2217       */
2218      public Map<String,String> getValByRegex(String regex) {
2219        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);
2220    
2221        Map<String,String> result = new HashMap<String,String>();
2222        Matcher m;
2223    
2224        for(Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: getProps().entrySet()) {
2225          if (item.getKey() instanceof String && 
2226              item.getValue() instanceof String) {
2227            m = p.matcher((String)item.getKey());
2228            if(m.find()) { // match
2229              result.put((String) item.getKey(), (String) item.getValue());
2230            }
2231          }
2232        }
2233        return result;
2234      }
2235    
2236      //Load deprecated keys in common
2237      private static void addDeprecatedKeys() {
2238        Configuration.addDeprecation("topology.script.file.name", 
2239                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_SCRIPT_FILE_NAME_KEY});
2240        Configuration.addDeprecation("topology.script.number.args", 
2241                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_SCRIPT_NUMBER_ARGS_KEY});
2242        Configuration.addDeprecation("hadoop.configured.node.mapping", 
2243                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_CONFIGURED_NODE_MAPPING_KEY});
2244        Configuration.addDeprecation("topology.node.switch.mapping.impl", 
2245                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_NODE_SWITCH_MAPPING_IMPL_KEY});
2246        Configuration.addDeprecation("dfs.df.interval", 
2247                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_DF_INTERVAL_KEY});
2248        Configuration.addDeprecation("dfs.client.buffer.dir", 
2249                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_CLIENT_BUFFER_DIR_KEY});
2250        Configuration.addDeprecation("hadoop.native.lib", 
2251                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.IO_NATIVE_LIB_AVAILABLE_KEY});
2252        Configuration.addDeprecation("fs.default.name", 
2253                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_DEFAULT_NAME_KEY});
2254        Configuration.addDeprecation("dfs.umaskmode",
2255            new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_PERMISSIONS_UMASK_KEY});
2256      }
2257      
2258      /**
2259       * A unique class which is used as a sentinel value in the caching
2260       * for getClassByName. {@see Configuration#getClassByNameOrNull(String)}
2261       */
2262      private static abstract class NegativeCacheSentinel {}
2263    }