001    /**
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
003     * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
004     * distributed with this work for additional information
005     * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
006     * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
007     * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
008     * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
009     *
010     *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
011     *
012     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
013     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
014     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
015     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
016     * limitations under the License.
017     */
018    
019    package org.apache.hadoop.io;
020    
021    import java.io.EOFException;
022    import java.io.IOException;
023    import java.util.ArrayList;
024    import java.util.Arrays;
025    
026    import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
027    import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
028    import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
029    import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
030    import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
031    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
032    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
033    import org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile.CompressionType;
034    import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
035    import org.apache.hadoop.util.Options;
036    import org.apache.hadoop.util.Progressable;
037    import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
038    
039    /** A file-based map from keys to values.
040     * 
041     * <p>A map is a directory containing two files, the <code>data</code> file,
042     * containing all keys and values in the map, and a smaller <code>index</code>
043     * file, containing a fraction of the keys.  The fraction is determined by
044     * {@link Writer#getIndexInterval()}.
045     *
046     * <p>The index file is read entirely into memory.  Thus key implementations
047     * should try to keep themselves small.
048     *
049     * <p>Map files are created by adding entries in-order.  To maintain a large
050     * database, perform updates by copying the previous version of a database and
051     * merging in a sorted change list, to create a new version of the database in
052     * a new file.  Sorting large change lists can be done with {@link
053     * SequenceFile.Sorter}.
054     */
055    @InterfaceAudience.Public
056    @InterfaceStability.Stable
057    public class MapFile {
058      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(MapFile.class);
059    
060      /** The name of the index file. */
061      public static final String INDEX_FILE_NAME = "index";
062    
063      /** The name of the data file. */
064      public static final String DATA_FILE_NAME = "data";
065    
066      protected MapFile() {}                          // no public ctor
067    
068      /** Writes a new map. */
069      public static class Writer implements java.io.Closeable {
070        private SequenceFile.Writer data;
071        private SequenceFile.Writer index;
072    
073        final private static String INDEX_INTERVAL = "io.map.index.interval";
074        private int indexInterval = 128;
075    
076        private long size;
077        private LongWritable position = new LongWritable();
078    
079        // the following fields are used only for checking key order
080        private WritableComparator comparator;
081        private DataInputBuffer inBuf = new DataInputBuffer();
082        private DataOutputBuffer outBuf = new DataOutputBuffer();
083        private WritableComparable lastKey;
084    
085        /** What's the position (in bytes) we wrote when we got the last index */
086        private long lastIndexPos = -1;
087    
088        /**
089         * What was size when we last wrote an index. Set to MIN_VALUE to ensure that
090         * we have an index at position zero -- midKey will throw an exception if this
091         * is not the case
092         */
093        private long lastIndexKeyCount = Long.MIN_VALUE;
094    
095    
096        /** Create the named map for keys of the named class. 
097         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
098         */
099        @Deprecated
100        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
101                      Class<? extends WritableComparable> keyClass, 
102                      Class valClass) throws IOException {
103          this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass));
104        }
105    
106        /** Create the named map for keys of the named class. 
107         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
108         */
109        @Deprecated
110        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
111                      Class<? extends WritableComparable> keyClass, Class valClass,
112                      CompressionType compress, 
113                      Progressable progress) throws IOException {
114          this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass),
115               compression(compress), progressable(progress));
116        }
117    
118        /** Create the named map for keys of the named class. 
119         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
120         */
121        @Deprecated
122        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
123                      Class<? extends WritableComparable> keyClass, Class valClass,
124                      CompressionType compress, CompressionCodec codec,
125                      Progressable progress) throws IOException {
126          this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass),
127               compression(compress, codec), progressable(progress));
128        }
129    
130        /** Create the named map for keys of the named class. 
131         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
132         */
133        @Deprecated
134        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
135                      Class<? extends WritableComparable> keyClass, Class valClass,
136                      CompressionType compress) throws IOException {
137          this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass),
138               valueClass(valClass), compression(compress));
139        }
140    
141        /** Create the named map using the named key comparator. 
142         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
143         */
144        @Deprecated
145        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
146                      WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass
147                      ) throws IOException {
148          this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator), 
149               valueClass(valClass));
150        }
151    
152        /** Create the named map using the named key comparator. 
153         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
154         */
155        @Deprecated
156        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
157                      WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass,
158                      SequenceFile.CompressionType compress) throws IOException {
159          this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
160               valueClass(valClass), compression(compress));
161        }
162    
163        /** Create the named map using the named key comparator. 
164         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...)} instead.
165         */
166        @Deprecated
167        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
168                      WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass,
169                      SequenceFile.CompressionType compress,
170                      Progressable progress) throws IOException {
171          this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
172               valueClass(valClass), compression(compress),
173               progressable(progress));
174        }
175    
176        /** Create the named map using the named key comparator. 
177         * @deprecated Use Writer(Configuration, Path, Option...) instead.
178         */
179        @Deprecated
180        public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
181                      WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass,
182                      SequenceFile.CompressionType compress, CompressionCodec codec,
183                      Progressable progress) throws IOException {
184          this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
185               valueClass(valClass), compression(compress, codec),
186               progressable(progress));
187        }
188        
189        // our options are a superset of sequence file writer options
190        public static interface Option extends SequenceFile.Writer.Option { }
191        
192        private static class KeyClassOption extends Options.ClassOption
193                                            implements Option {
194          KeyClassOption(Class<?> value) {
195            super(value);
196          }
197        }
198        
199        private static class ComparatorOption implements Option {
200          private final WritableComparator value;
201          ComparatorOption(WritableComparator value) {
202            this.value = value;
203          }
204          WritableComparator getValue() {
205            return value;
206          }
207        }
208    
209        public static Option keyClass(Class<? extends WritableComparable> value) {
210          return new KeyClassOption(value);
211        }
212        
213        public static Option comparator(WritableComparator value) {
214          return new ComparatorOption(value);
215        }
216    
217        public static SequenceFile.Writer.Option valueClass(Class<?> value) {
218          return SequenceFile.Writer.valueClass(value);
219        }
220        
221        public static 
222        SequenceFile.Writer.Option compression(CompressionType type) {
223          return SequenceFile.Writer.compression(type);
224        }
225    
226        public static 
227        SequenceFile.Writer.Option compression(CompressionType type,
228            CompressionCodec codec) {
229          return SequenceFile.Writer.compression(type, codec);
230        }
231    
232        public static SequenceFile.Writer.Option progressable(Progressable value) {
233          return SequenceFile.Writer.progressable(value);
234        }
235    
236        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
237        public Writer(Configuration conf, 
238                      Path dirName,
239                      SequenceFile.Writer.Option... opts
240                      ) throws IOException {
241          KeyClassOption keyClassOption = 
242            Options.getOption(KeyClassOption.class, opts);
243          ComparatorOption comparatorOption =
244            Options.getOption(ComparatorOption.class, opts);
245          if ((keyClassOption == null) == (comparatorOption == null)) {
246            throw new IllegalArgumentException("key class or comparator option "
247                                               + "must be set");
248          }
249          this.indexInterval = conf.getInt(INDEX_INTERVAL, this.indexInterval);
250    
251          Class<? extends WritableComparable> keyClass;
252          if (keyClassOption == null) {
253            this.comparator = comparatorOption.getValue();
254            keyClass = comparator.getKeyClass();
255          } else {
256            keyClass= 
257              (Class<? extends WritableComparable>) keyClassOption.getValue();
258            this.comparator = WritableComparator.get(keyClass);
259          }
260          this.lastKey = comparator.newKey();
261          FileSystem fs = dirName.getFileSystem(conf);
262    
263          if (!fs.mkdirs(dirName)) {
264            throw new IOException("Mkdirs failed to create directory " + dirName);
265          }
266          Path dataFile = new Path(dirName, DATA_FILE_NAME);
267          Path indexFile = new Path(dirName, INDEX_FILE_NAME);
268    
269          SequenceFile.Writer.Option[] dataOptions =
270            Options.prependOptions(opts, 
271                                   SequenceFile.Writer.file(dataFile),
272                                   SequenceFile.Writer.keyClass(keyClass));
273          this.data = SequenceFile.createWriter(conf, dataOptions);
274    
275          SequenceFile.Writer.Option[] indexOptions =
276            Options.prependOptions(opts, SequenceFile.Writer.file(indexFile),
277                SequenceFile.Writer.keyClass(keyClass),
278                SequenceFile.Writer.valueClass(LongWritable.class),
279                SequenceFile.Writer.compression(CompressionType.BLOCK));
280          this.index = SequenceFile.createWriter(conf, indexOptions);      
281        }
282    
283        /** The number of entries that are added before an index entry is added.*/
284        public int getIndexInterval() { return indexInterval; }
285    
286        /** Sets the index interval.
287         * @see #getIndexInterval()
288         */
289        public void setIndexInterval(int interval) { indexInterval = interval; }
290    
291        /** Sets the index interval and stores it in conf
292         * @see #getIndexInterval()
293         */
294        public static void setIndexInterval(Configuration conf, int interval) {
295          conf.setInt(INDEX_INTERVAL, interval);
296        }
297    
298        /** Close the map. */
299        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
300          data.close();
301          index.close();
302        }
303    
304        /** Append a key/value pair to the map.  The key must be greater or equal
305         * to the previous key added to the map. */
306        public synchronized void append(WritableComparable key, Writable val)
307          throws IOException {
308    
309          checkKey(key);
310    
311          long pos = data.getLength();      
312          // Only write an index if we've changed positions. In a block compressed
313          // file, this means we write an entry at the start of each block      
314          if (size >= lastIndexKeyCount + indexInterval && pos > lastIndexPos) {
315            position.set(pos);                        // point to current eof
316            index.append(key, position);
317            lastIndexPos = pos;
318            lastIndexKeyCount = size;
319          }
320    
321          data.append(key, val);                      // append key/value to data
322          size++;
323        }
324    
325        private void checkKey(WritableComparable key) throws IOException {
326          // check that keys are well-ordered
327          if (size != 0 && comparator.compare(lastKey, key) > 0)
328            throw new IOException("key out of order: "+key+" after "+lastKey);
329              
330          // update lastKey with a copy of key by writing and reading
331          outBuf.reset();
332          key.write(outBuf);                          // write new key
333    
334          inBuf.reset(outBuf.getData(), outBuf.getLength());
335          lastKey.readFields(inBuf);                  // read into lastKey
336        }
337    
338      }
339      
340      /** Provide access to an existing map. */
341      public static class Reader implements java.io.Closeable {
342          
343        /** Number of index entries to skip between each entry.  Zero by default.
344         * Setting this to values larger than zero can facilitate opening large map
345         * files using less memory. */
346        private int INDEX_SKIP = 0;
347          
348        private WritableComparator comparator;
349    
350        private WritableComparable nextKey;
351        private long seekPosition = -1;
352        private int seekIndex = -1;
353        private long firstPosition;
354    
355        // the data, on disk
356        private SequenceFile.Reader data;
357        private SequenceFile.Reader index;
358    
359        // whether the index Reader was closed
360        private boolean indexClosed = false;
361    
362        // the index, in memory
363        private int count = -1;
364        private WritableComparable[] keys;
365        private long[] positions;
366    
367        /** Returns the class of keys in this file. */
368        public Class<?> getKeyClass() { return data.getKeyClass(); }
369    
370        /** Returns the class of values in this file. */
371        public Class<?> getValueClass() { return data.getValueClass(); }
372    
373        public static interface Option extends SequenceFile.Reader.Option {}
374        
375        public static Option comparator(WritableComparator value) {
376          return new ComparatorOption(value);
377        }
378    
379        static class ComparatorOption implements Option {
380          private final WritableComparator value;
381          ComparatorOption(WritableComparator value) {
382            this.value = value;
383          }
384          WritableComparator getValue() {
385            return value;
386          }
387        }
388    
389        public Reader(Path dir, Configuration conf,
390                      SequenceFile.Reader.Option... opts) throws IOException {
391          ComparatorOption comparatorOption = 
392            Options.getOption(ComparatorOption.class, opts);
393          WritableComparator comparator =
394            comparatorOption == null ? null : comparatorOption.getValue();
395          INDEX_SKIP = conf.getInt("io.map.index.skip", 0);
396          open(dir, comparator, conf, opts);
397        }
398     
399        /** Construct a map reader for the named map.
400         * @deprecated
401         */
402        @Deprecated
403        public Reader(FileSystem fs, String dirName, 
404                      Configuration conf) throws IOException {
405          this(new Path(dirName), conf);
406        }
407    
408        /** Construct a map reader for the named map using the named comparator.
409         * @deprecated
410         */
411        @Deprecated
412        public Reader(FileSystem fs, String dirName, WritableComparator comparator, 
413                      Configuration conf) throws IOException {
414          this(new Path(dirName), conf, comparator(comparator));
415        }
416        
417        protected synchronized void open(Path dir,
418                                         WritableComparator comparator,
419                                         Configuration conf, 
420                                         SequenceFile.Reader.Option... options
421                                         ) throws IOException {
422          Path dataFile = new Path(dir, DATA_FILE_NAME);
423          Path indexFile = new Path(dir, INDEX_FILE_NAME);
424    
425          // open the data
426          this.data = createDataFileReader(dataFile, conf, options);
427          this.firstPosition = data.getPosition();
428    
429          if (comparator == null)
430            this.comparator = 
431              WritableComparator.get(data.getKeyClass().
432                                       asSubclass(WritableComparable.class));
433          else
434            this.comparator = comparator;
435    
436          // open the index
437          SequenceFile.Reader.Option[] indexOptions =
438            Options.prependOptions(options, SequenceFile.Reader.file(indexFile));
439          this.index = new SequenceFile.Reader(conf, indexOptions);
440        }
441    
442        /**
443         * Override this method to specialize the type of
444         * {@link SequenceFile.Reader} returned.
445         */
446        protected SequenceFile.Reader 
447          createDataFileReader(Path dataFile, Configuration conf,
448                               SequenceFile.Reader.Option... options
449                               ) throws IOException {
450          SequenceFile.Reader.Option[] newOptions =
451            Options.prependOptions(options, SequenceFile.Reader.file(dataFile));
452          return new SequenceFile.Reader(conf, newOptions);
453        }
454    
455        private void readIndex() throws IOException {
456          // read the index entirely into memory
457          if (this.keys != null)
458            return;
459          this.count = 0;
460          this.positions = new long[1024];
461    
462          try {
463            int skip = INDEX_SKIP;
464            LongWritable position = new LongWritable();
465            WritableComparable lastKey = null;
466            long lastIndex = -1;
467            ArrayList<WritableComparable> keyBuilder = new ArrayList<WritableComparable>(1024);
468            while (true) {
469              WritableComparable k = comparator.newKey();
470    
471              if (!index.next(k, position))
472                break;
473    
474              // check order to make sure comparator is compatible
475              if (lastKey != null && comparator.compare(lastKey, k) > 0)
476                throw new IOException("key out of order: "+k+" after "+lastKey);
477              lastKey = k;
478              if (skip > 0) {
479                skip--;
480                continue;                             // skip this entry
481              } else {
482                skip = INDEX_SKIP;                    // reset skip
483              }
484    
485              // don't read an index that is the same as the previous one. Block
486              // compressed map files used to do this (multiple entries would point
487              // at the same block)
488              if (position.get() == lastIndex)
489                continue;
490    
491              if (count == positions.length) {
492                positions = Arrays.copyOf(positions, positions.length * 2);
493              }
494    
495              keyBuilder.add(k);
496              positions[count] = position.get();
497              count++;
498            }
499    
500            this.keys = keyBuilder.toArray(new WritableComparable[count]);
501            positions = Arrays.copyOf(positions, count);
502          } catch (EOFException e) {
503            LOG.warn("Unexpected EOF reading " + index +
504                                  " at entry #" + count + ".  Ignoring.");
505          } finally {
506            indexClosed = true;
507            index.close();
508          }
509        }
510    
511        /** Re-positions the reader before its first key. */
512        public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
513          data.seek(firstPosition);
514        }
515    
516        /** Get the key at approximately the middle of the file. Or null if the
517         *  file is empty. 
518         */
519        public synchronized WritableComparable midKey() throws IOException {
520    
521          readIndex();
522          if (count == 0) {
523            return null;
524          }
525        
526          return keys[(count - 1) / 2];
527        }
528        
529        /** Reads the final key from the file.
530         *
531         * @param key key to read into
532         */
533        public synchronized void finalKey(WritableComparable key)
534          throws IOException {
535    
536          long originalPosition = data.getPosition(); // save position
537          try {
538            readIndex();                              // make sure index is valid
539            if (count > 0) {
540              data.seek(positions[count-1]);          // skip to last indexed entry
541            } else {
542              reset();                                // start at the beginning
543            }
544            while (data.next(key)) {}                 // scan to eof
545    
546          } finally {
547            data.seek(originalPosition);              // restore position
548          }
549        }
550    
551        /** Positions the reader at the named key, or if none such exists, at the
552         * first entry after the named key.  Returns true iff the named key exists
553         * in this map.
554         */
555        public synchronized boolean seek(WritableComparable key) throws IOException {
556          return seekInternal(key) == 0;
557        }
558    
559        /** 
560         * Positions the reader at the named key, or if none such exists, at the
561         * first entry after the named key.
562         *
563         * @return  0   - exact match found
564         *          < 0 - positioned at next record
565         *          1   - no more records in file
566         */
567        private synchronized int seekInternal(WritableComparable key)
568          throws IOException {
569          return seekInternal(key, false);
570        }
571    
572        /** 
573         * Positions the reader at the named key, or if none such exists, at the
574         * key that falls just before or just after dependent on how the
575         * <code>before</code> parameter is set.
576         * 
577         * @param before - IF true, and <code>key</code> does not exist, position
578         * file at entry that falls just before <code>key</code>.  Otherwise,
579         * position file at record that sorts just after.
580         * @return  0   - exact match found
581         *          < 0 - positioned at next record
582         *          1   - no more records in file
583         */
584        private synchronized int seekInternal(WritableComparable key,
585            final boolean before)
586          throws IOException {
587          readIndex();                                // make sure index is read
588    
589          if (seekIndex != -1                         // seeked before
590              && seekIndex+1 < count           
591              && comparator.compare(key, keys[seekIndex+1])<0 // before next indexed
592              && comparator.compare(key, nextKey)
593              >= 0) {                                 // but after last seeked
594            // do nothing
595          } else {
596            seekIndex = binarySearch(key);
597            if (seekIndex < 0)                        // decode insertion point
598              seekIndex = -seekIndex-2;
599    
600            if (seekIndex == -1)                      // belongs before first entry
601              seekPosition = firstPosition;           // use beginning of file
602            else
603              seekPosition = positions[seekIndex];    // else use index
604          }
605          data.seek(seekPosition);
606          
607          if (nextKey == null)
608            nextKey = comparator.newKey();
609         
610          // If we're looking for the key before, we need to keep track
611          // of the position we got the current key as well as the position
612          // of the key before it.
613          long prevPosition = -1;
614          long curPosition = seekPosition;
615    
616          while (data.next(nextKey)) {
617            int c = comparator.compare(key, nextKey);
618            if (c <= 0) {                             // at or beyond desired
619              if (before && c != 0) {
620                if (prevPosition == -1) {
621                  // We're on the first record of this index block
622                  // and we've already passed the search key. Therefore
623                  // we must be at the beginning of the file, so seek
624                  // to the beginning of this block and return c
625                  data.seek(curPosition);
626                } else {
627                  // We have a previous record to back up to
628                  data.seek(prevPosition);
629                  data.next(nextKey);
630                  // now that we've rewound, the search key must be greater than this key
631                  return 1;
632                }
633              }
634              return c;
635            }
636            if (before) {
637              prevPosition = curPosition;
638              curPosition = data.getPosition();
639            }
640          }
641    
642          return 1;
643        }
644    
645        private int binarySearch(WritableComparable key) {
646          int low = 0;
647          int high = count-1;
648    
649          while (low <= high) {
650            int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
651            WritableComparable midVal = keys[mid];
652            int cmp = comparator.compare(midVal, key);
653    
654            if (cmp < 0)
655              low = mid + 1;
656            else if (cmp > 0)
657              high = mid - 1;
658            else
659              return mid;                             // key found
660          }
661          return -(low + 1);                          // key not found.
662        }
663    
664        /** Read the next key/value pair in the map into <code>key</code> and
665         * <code>val</code>.  Returns true if such a pair exists and false when at
666         * the end of the map */
667        public synchronized boolean next(WritableComparable key, Writable val)
668          throws IOException {
669          return data.next(key, val);
670        }
671    
672        /** Return the value for the named key, or null if none exists. */
673        public synchronized Writable get(WritableComparable key, Writable val)
674          throws IOException {
675          if (seek(key)) {
676            data.getCurrentValue(val);
677            return val;
678          } else
679            return null;
680        }
681    
682        /** 
683         * Finds the record that is the closest match to the specified key.
684         * Returns <code>key</code> or if it does not exist, at the first entry
685         * after the named key.
686         * 
687    -     * @param key       - key that we're trying to find
688    -     * @param val       - data value if key is found
689    -     * @return          - the key that was the closest match or null if eof.
690         */
691        public synchronized WritableComparable getClosest(WritableComparable key,
692          Writable val)
693        throws IOException {
694          return getClosest(key, val, false);
695        }
696    
697        /** 
698         * Finds the record that is the closest match to the specified key.
699         * 
700         * @param key       - key that we're trying to find
701         * @param val       - data value if key is found
702         * @param before    - IF true, and <code>key</code> does not exist, return
703         * the first entry that falls just before the <code>key</code>.  Otherwise,
704         * return the record that sorts just after.
705         * @return          - the key that was the closest match or null if eof.
706         */
707        public synchronized WritableComparable getClosest(WritableComparable key,
708            Writable val, final boolean before)
709          throws IOException {
710         
711          int c = seekInternal(key, before);
712    
713          // If we didn't get an exact match, and we ended up in the wrong
714          // direction relative to the query key, return null since we
715          // must be at the beginning or end of the file.
716          if ((!before && c > 0) ||
717              (before && c < 0)) {
718            return null;
719          }
720    
721          data.getCurrentValue(val);
722          return nextKey;
723        }
724    
725        /** Close the map. */
726        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
727          if (!indexClosed) {
728            index.close();
729          }
730          data.close();
731        }
732    
733      }
734    
735      /** Renames an existing map directory. */
736      public static void rename(FileSystem fs, String oldName, String newName)
737        throws IOException {
738        Path oldDir = new Path(oldName);
739        Path newDir = new Path(newName);
740        if (!fs.rename(oldDir, newDir)) {
741          throw new IOException("Could not rename " + oldDir + " to " + newDir);
742        }
743      }
744    
745      /** Deletes the named map file. */
746      public static void delete(FileSystem fs, String name) throws IOException {
747        Path dir = new Path(name);
748        Path data = new Path(dir, DATA_FILE_NAME);
749        Path index = new Path(dir, INDEX_FILE_NAME);
750    
751        fs.delete(data, true);
752        fs.delete(index, true);
753        fs.delete(dir, true);
754      }
755    
756      /**
757       * This method attempts to fix a corrupt MapFile by re-creating its index.
758       * @param fs filesystem
759       * @param dir directory containing the MapFile data and index
760       * @param keyClass key class (has to be a subclass of Writable)
761       * @param valueClass value class (has to be a subclass of Writable)
762       * @param dryrun do not perform any changes, just report what needs to be done
763       * @return number of valid entries in this MapFile, or -1 if no fixing was needed
764       * @throws Exception
765       */
766      public static long fix(FileSystem fs, Path dir,
767                             Class<? extends Writable> keyClass,
768                             Class<? extends Writable> valueClass, boolean dryrun,
769                             Configuration conf) throws Exception {
770        String dr = (dryrun ? "[DRY RUN ] " : "");
771        Path data = new Path(dir, DATA_FILE_NAME);
772        Path index = new Path(dir, INDEX_FILE_NAME);
773        int indexInterval = conf.getInt(Writer.INDEX_INTERVAL, 128);
774        if (!fs.exists(data)) {
775          // there's nothing we can do to fix this!
776          throw new Exception(dr + "Missing data file in " + dir + ", impossible to fix this.");
777        }
778        if (fs.exists(index)) {
779          // no fixing needed
780          return -1;
781        }
782        SequenceFile.Reader dataReader = 
783          new SequenceFile.Reader(conf, SequenceFile.Reader.file(data));
784        if (!dataReader.getKeyClass().equals(keyClass)) {
785          throw new Exception(dr + "Wrong key class in " + dir + ", expected" + keyClass.getName() +
786                              ", got " + dataReader.getKeyClass().getName());
787        }
788        if (!dataReader.getValueClass().equals(valueClass)) {
789          throw new Exception(dr + "Wrong value class in " + dir + ", expected" + valueClass.getName() +
790                              ", got " + dataReader.getValueClass().getName());
791        }
792        long cnt = 0L;
793        Writable key = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(keyClass, conf);
794        Writable value = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(valueClass, conf);
795        SequenceFile.Writer indexWriter = null;
796        if (!dryrun) {
797          indexWriter = 
798            SequenceFile.createWriter(conf, 
799                                      SequenceFile.Writer.file(index), 
800                                      SequenceFile.Writer.keyClass(keyClass), 
801                                      SequenceFile.Writer.valueClass
802                                        (LongWritable.class));
803        }
804        try {
805          long pos = 0L;
806          LongWritable position = new LongWritable();
807          while(dataReader.next(key, value)) {
808            cnt++;
809            if (cnt % indexInterval == 0) {
810              position.set(pos);
811              if (!dryrun) indexWriter.append(key, position);
812            }
813            pos = dataReader.getPosition();
814          }
815        } catch(Throwable t) {
816          // truncated data file. swallow it.
817        }
818        dataReader.close();
819        if (!dryrun) indexWriter.close();
820        return cnt;
821      }
822    
823    
824      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
825        String usage = "Usage: MapFile inFile outFile";
826          
827        if (args.length != 2) {
828          System.err.println(usage);
829          System.exit(-1);
830        }
831          
832        String in = args[0];
833        String out = args[1];
834    
835        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
836        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.getLocal(conf);
837        MapFile.Reader reader = new MapFile.Reader(fs, in, conf);
838        MapFile.Writer writer =
839          new MapFile.Writer(conf, fs, out,
840              reader.getKeyClass().asSubclass(WritableComparable.class),
841              reader.getValueClass());
842    
843        WritableComparable key =
844          ReflectionUtils.newInstance(reader.getKeyClass().asSubclass(WritableComparable.class), conf);
845        Writable value =
846          ReflectionUtils.newInstance(reader.getValueClass().asSubclass(Writable.class), conf);
847    
848        while (reader.next(key, value))               // copy all entries
849          writer.append(key, value);
850    
851        writer.close();
852      }
853    
854    }