/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.fs;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

import org.apache.avro.reflect.Stringable;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;

/** Names a file or directory in a {@link FileSystem}.
 * Path strings use slash as the directory separator.  A path string is
 * absolute if it begins with a slash.
 */
@Stringable
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Stable
public class Path implements Comparable {

  /** The directory separator, a slash. */
  public static final String SEPARATOR = "/";
  public static final char SEPARATOR_CHAR = '/';
  
  public static final String CUR_DIR = ".";
  
  static final boolean WINDOWS
    = System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Windows");

  private URI uri;                                // a hierarchical uri

  /** Resolve a child path against a parent path. */
  public Path(String parent, String child) {
    this(new Path(parent), new Path(child));
  }

  /** Resolve a child path against a parent path. */
  public Path(Path parent, String child) {
    this(parent, new Path(child));
  }

  /** Resolve a child path against a parent path. */
  public Path(String parent, Path child) {
    this(new Path(parent), child);
  }

  /** Resolve a child path against a parent path. */
  public Path(Path parent, Path child) {
    // Add a slash to parent's path so resolution is compatible with URI's
    URI parentUri = parent.uri;
    String parentPath = parentUri.getPath();
    if (!(parentPath.equals("/") || parentPath.equals(""))) {
      try {
        parentUri = new URI(parentUri.getScheme(), parentUri.getAuthority(),
                      parentUri.getPath()+"/", null, parentUri.getFragment());
      } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
      }
    }
    URI resolved = parentUri.resolve(child.uri);
    initialize(resolved.getScheme(), resolved.getAuthority(),
               resolved.getPath(), resolved.getFragment());
  }

  private void checkPathArg( String path ) {
    // disallow construction of a Path from an empty string
    if ( path == null ) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Can not create a Path from a null string");
    }
    if( path.length() == 0 ) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
           "Can not create a Path from an empty string");
    }   
  }
  
  /** Construct a path from a String.  Path strings are URIs, but with
   * unescaped elements and some additional normalization. */
  public Path(String pathString) {
    checkPathArg( pathString );
    
    // We can't use 'new URI(String)' directly, since it assumes things are
    // escaped, which we don't require of Paths. 
    
    // add a slash in front of paths with Windows drive letters
    if (hasWindowsDrive(pathString, false))
      pathString = "/"+pathString;

    // parse uri components
    String scheme = null;
    String authority = null;

    int start = 0;

    // parse uri scheme, if any
    int colon = pathString.indexOf(':');
    int slash = pathString.indexOf('/');
    if ((colon != -1) &&
        ((slash == -1) || (colon < slash))) {     // has a scheme
      scheme = pathString.substring(0, colon);
      start = colon+1;
    }

    // parse uri authority, if any
    if (pathString.startsWith("//", start) &&
        (pathString.length()-start > 2)) {       // has authority
      int nextSlash = pathString.indexOf('/', start+2);
      int authEnd = nextSlash > 0 ? nextSlash : pathString.length();
      authority = pathString.substring(start+2, authEnd);
      start = authEnd;
    }

    // uri path is the rest of the string -- query & fragment not supported
    String path = pathString.substring(start, pathString.length());

    initialize(scheme, authority, path, null);
  }

  /**
   * Construct a path from a URI
   */
  public Path(URI aUri) {
    uri = aUri.normalize();
  }
  
  /** Construct a Path from components. */
  public Path(String scheme, String authority, String path) {
    checkPathArg( path );
    initialize(scheme, authority, path, null);
  }

  private void initialize(String scheme, String authority, String path,
      String fragment) {
    try {
      this.uri = new URI(scheme, authority, normalizePath(path), null, fragment)
        .normalize();
    } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    }
  }

  private String normalizePath(String path) {
    // remove double slashes & backslashes
    path = StringUtils.replace(path, "//", "/");
    if (Path.WINDOWS) {
      path = StringUtils.replace(path, "\\", "/");
    }
    
    // trim trailing slash from non-root path (ignoring windows drive)
    int minLength = hasWindowsDrive(path, true) ? 4 : 1;
    if (path.length() > minLength && path.endsWith("/")) {
      path = path.substring(0, path.length()-1);
    }
    
    return path;
  }

  private boolean hasWindowsDrive(String path, boolean slashed) {
    if (!WINDOWS) return false;
    int start = slashed ? 1 : 0;
    return
      path.length() >= start+2 &&
      (slashed ? path.charAt(0) == '/' : true) &&
      path.charAt(start+1) == ':' &&
      ((path.charAt(start) >= 'A' && path.charAt(start) <= 'Z') ||
       (path.charAt(start) >= 'a' && path.charAt(start) <= 'z'));
  }


  /** Convert this to a URI. */
  public URI toUri() { return uri; }

  /** Return the FileSystem that owns this Path. */
  public FileSystem getFileSystem(Configuration conf) throws IOException {
    return FileSystem.get(this.toUri(), conf);
  }

  /**
   * Is an absolute path (ie a slash relative path part)
   *  AND  a scheme is null AND  authority is null.
   */
  public boolean isAbsoluteAndSchemeAuthorityNull() {
    return  (isUriPathAbsolute() && 
        uri.getScheme() == null && uri.getAuthority() == null);
  }
  
  /**
   *  True if the path component (i.e. directory) of this URI is absolute.
   */
  public boolean isUriPathAbsolute() {
    int start = hasWindowsDrive(uri.getPath(), true) ? 3 : 0;
    return uri.getPath().startsWith(SEPARATOR, start);
   }
  
  /** True if the path component of this URI is absolute. */
  /**
   * There is some ambiguity here. An absolute path is a slash
   * relative name without a scheme or an authority.
   * So either this method was incorrectly named or its
   * implementation is incorrect. This method returns true
   * even if there is a scheme and authority.
   */
  public boolean isAbsolute() {
     return isUriPathAbsolute();
  }

  /**
   * @return true if and only if this path represents the root of a file system
   */
  public boolean isRoot() {
    return getParent() == null;
  }

  /** Returns the final component of this path.*/
  public String getName() {
    String path = uri.getPath();
    int slash = path.lastIndexOf(SEPARATOR);
    return path.substring(slash+1);
  }

  /** Returns the parent of a path or null if at root. */
  public Path getParent() {
    String path = uri.getPath();
    int lastSlash = path.lastIndexOf('/');
    int start = hasWindowsDrive(path, true) ? 3 : 0;
    if ((path.length() == start) ||               // empty path
        (lastSlash == start && path.length() == start+1)) { // at root
      return null;
    }
    String parent;
    if (lastSlash==-1) {
      parent = CUR_DIR;
    } else {
      int end = hasWindowsDrive(path, true) ? 3 : 0;
      parent = path.substring(0, lastSlash==end?end+1:lastSlash);
    }
    return new Path(uri.getScheme(), uri.getAuthority(), parent);
  }

  /** Adds a suffix to the final name in the path.*/
  public Path suffix(String suffix) {
    return new Path(getParent(), getName()+suffix);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    // we can't use uri.toString(), which escapes everything, because we want
    // illegal characters unescaped in the string, for glob processing, etc.
    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
    if (uri.getScheme() != null) {
      buffer.append(uri.getScheme());
      buffer.append(":");
    }
    if (uri.getAuthority() != null) {
      buffer.append("//");
      buffer.append(uri.getAuthority());
    }
    if (uri.getPath() != null) {
      String path = uri.getPath();
      if (path.indexOf('/')==0 &&
          hasWindowsDrive(path, true) &&          // has windows drive
          uri.getScheme() == null &&              // but no scheme
          uri.getAuthority() == null)             // or authority
        path = path.substring(1);                 // remove slash before drive
      buffer.append(path);
    }
    if (uri.getFragment() != null) {
      buffer.append("#");
      buffer.append(uri.getFragment());
    }
    return buffer.toString();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (!(o instanceof Path)) {
      return false;
    }
    Path that = (Path)o;
    return this.uri.equals(that.uri);
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return uri.hashCode();
  }

  @Override
  public int compareTo(Object o) {
    Path that = (Path)o;
    return this.uri.compareTo(that.uri);
  }
  
  /** Return the number of elements in this path. */
  public int depth() {
    String path = uri.getPath();
    int depth = 0;
    int slash = path.length()==1 && path.charAt(0)=='/' ? -1 : 0;
    while (slash != -1) {
      depth++;
      slash = path.indexOf(SEPARATOR, slash+1);
    }
    return depth;
  }

  /**
   *  Returns a qualified path object.
   *  
   *  Deprecated - use {@link #makeQualified(URI, Path)}
   */
  @Deprecated
  public Path makeQualified(FileSystem fs) {
    return makeQualified(fs.getUri(), fs.getWorkingDirectory());
  }
  
  /** Returns a qualified path object. */
  @InterfaceAudience.LimitedPrivate({"HDFS", "MapReduce"})
  public Path makeQualified(URI defaultUri, Path workingDir ) {
    Path path = this;
    if (!isAbsolute()) {
      path = new Path(workingDir, this);
    }

    URI pathUri = path.toUri();
      
    String scheme = pathUri.getScheme();
    String authority = pathUri.getAuthority();
    String fragment = pathUri.getFragment();

    if (scheme != null &&
        (authority != null || defaultUri.getAuthority() == null))
      return path;

    if (scheme == null) {
      scheme = defaultUri.getScheme();
    }

    if (authority == null) {
      authority = defaultUri.getAuthority();
      if (authority == null) {
        authority = "";
      }
    }
    
    URI newUri = null;
    try {
      newUri = new URI(scheme, authority , 
        normalizePath(pathUri.getPath()), null, fragment);
    } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    }
    return new Path(newUri);
  }
}