org.openqa.selenium

Interface WebElement

All Superinterfaces:

SearchContext, org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot

All Known Subinterfaces:

TouchableElement<T>

All Known Implementing Classes:

AndroidElement, IOSElement, MobileElement, org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement, YouiEngineElement

public interface WebElement
extends SearchContext, org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot

Represents an HTML element. Generally, all interesting operations to do with interacting with a page will be performed through this interface.

All method calls will do a freshness check to ensure that the element reference is still valid. This essentially determines whether or not the element is still attached to the DOM. If this test fails, then an StaleElementReferenceException is thrown, and all future calls to this instance will fail.

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	clear() If this element is a text entry element, this will clear the value.
void	click() Click this element.
<T extends WebElement> T	findElement(org.openqa.selenium.By by) Find the first WebElement using the given method.
<T extends WebElement> List<T>	findElements(org.openqa.selenium.By by) Find all elements within the current context using the given mechanism.
String	getAttribute(String name) Get the value of a the given attribute of the element.
String	getCssValue(String propertyName) Get the value of a given CSS property.
org.openqa.selenium.Point	getLocation() Where on the page is the top left-hand corner of the rendered element?
org.openqa.selenium.Rectangle	getRect()
org.openqa.selenium.Dimension	getSize() What is the width and height of the rendered element?
String	getTagName() Get the tag name of this element.
String	getText() Get the visible (i.e. not hidden by CSS) innerText of this element, including sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.
boolean	isDisplayed() Is this element displayed or not?
boolean	isEnabled() Is the element currently enabled or not?
boolean	isSelected() Determine whether or not this element is selected or not.
void	sendKeys(CharSequence... keysToSend) Use this method to simulate typing into an element, which may set its value.
void	submit() If this current element is a form, or an element within a form, then this will be submitted to the remote server.

Methods inherited from interface org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot

getScreenshotAs

Method Detail

click

void click()

Click this element. If this causes a new page to load, you should discard all references to this element and any further operations performed on this element will throw a StaleElementReferenceException.

Note that if click() is done by sending a native event (which is the default on most browsers/platforms) then the method will _not_ wait for the next page to load and the caller should verify that themselves.

There are some preconditions for an element to be clicked. The element must be visible and it must have a height and width greater then 0.

Throws:

StaleElementReferenceException - If the element no longer exists as initially defined

submit

void submit()

If this current element is a form, or an element within a form, then this will be submitted to the remote server. If this causes the current page to change, then this method will block until the new page is loaded.

Throws:

NoSuchElementException - If the given element is not within a form

sendKeys

void sendKeys(CharSequence... keysToSend)

Use this method to simulate typing into an element, which may set its value.

Parameters:

keysToSend - character sequence to send to the element

clear

void clear()

If this element is a text entry element, this will clear the value. Has no effect on other elements. Text entry elements are INPUT and TEXTAREA elements.

Note that the events fired by this event may not be as you'd expect. In particular, we don't fire any keyboard or mouse events. If you want to ensure keyboard events are fired, consider using something like sendKeys(CharSequence...) with the backspace key. To ensure you get a change event, consider following with a call to sendKeys(CharSequence...) with the tab key.

getTagName

String getTagName()

Get the tag name of this element. Not the value of the name attribute: will return "input" for the element <input name="foo" />.

Returns:

The tag name of this element.

getAttribute

String getAttribute(String name)

Get the value of a the given attribute of the element. Will return the current value, even if this has been modified after the page has been loaded. More exactly, this method will return the value of the given attribute, unless that attribute is not present, in which case the value of the property with the same name is returned (for example for the "value" property of a textarea element). If neither value is set, null is returned. The "style" attribute is converted as best can be to a text representation with a trailing semi-colon. The following are deemed to be "boolean" attributes, and will return either "true" or null:

async, autofocus, autoplay, checked, compact, complete, controls, declare, defaultchecked, defaultselected, defer, disabled, draggable, ended, formnovalidate, hidden, indeterminate, iscontenteditable, ismap, itemscope, loop, multiple, muted, nohref, noresize, noshade, novalidate, nowrap, open, paused, pubdate, readonly, required, reversed, scoped, seamless, seeking, selected, spellcheck, truespeed, willvalidate

Finally, the following commonly mis-capitalized attribute/property names are evaluated as expected:

• "class"
• "readonly"

Parameters:

name - The name of the attribute.

Returns:

The attribute/property's current value or null if the value is not set.

isSelected

boolean isSelected()

Determine whether or not this element is selected or not. This operation only applies to input elements such as checkboxes, options in a select and radio buttons.

Returns:

True if the element is currently selected or checked, false otherwise.

isEnabled

boolean isEnabled()

Is the element currently enabled or not? This will generally return true for everything but disabled input elements.

Returns:

True if the element is enabled, false otherwise.

getText

String getText()

Get the visible (i.e. not hidden by CSS) innerText of this element, including sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.

Returns:

The innerText of this element.

findElements

<T extends WebElement> List<T> findElements(org.openqa.selenium.By by)

Find all elements within the current context using the given mechanism. When using xpath be aware that webdriver follows standard conventions: a search prefixed with "//" will search the entire document, not just the children of this current node. Use ".//" to limit your search to the children of this WebElement. This method is affected by the 'implicit wait' times in force at the time of execution. When implicitly waiting, this method will return as soon as there are more than 0 items in the found collection, or will return an empty list if the timeout is reached.

Specified by:

findElements in interface SearchContext

Parameters:

by - The locating mechanism to use

Returns:

A list of all WebElements, or an empty list if nothing matches.

See Also:

By, WebDriver.Timeouts

findElement

<T extends WebElement> T findElement(org.openqa.selenium.By by)

Find the first WebElement using the given method. See the note in findElements(By) about finding via XPath. This method is affected by the 'implicit wait' times in force at the time of execution. The findElement(..) invocation will return a matching row, or try again repeatedly until the configured timeout is reached.

findElement should not be used to look for non-present elements, use findElements(By) and assert zero length response instead.

Specified by:

findElement in interface SearchContext

Parameters:

by - The locating mechanism

Returns:

The first matching element on the current context.

Throws:

NoSuchElementException - If no matching elements are found

See Also:

By, WebDriver.Timeouts

isDisplayed

boolean isDisplayed()

Is this element displayed or not? This method avoids the problem of having to parse an element's "style" attribute.

Returns:

Whether or not the element is displayed

getLocation

org.openqa.selenium.Point getLocation()

Where on the page is the top left-hand corner of the rendered element?

Returns:

A point, containing the location of the top left-hand corner of the element

getSize

org.openqa.selenium.Dimension getSize()

What is the width and height of the rendered element?

Returns:

The size of the element on the page.

getRect

org.openqa.selenium.Rectangle getRect()

Returns:

The location and size of the rendered element

getCssValue

String getCssValue(String propertyName)

Get the value of a given CSS property. Color values should be returned as rgba strings, so, for example if the "background-color" property is set as "green" in the HTML source, the returned value will be "rgba(0, 255, 0, 1)".

Note that shorthand CSS properties (e.g. background, font, border, border-top, margin, margin-top, padding, padding-top, list-style, outline, pause, cue) are not returned, in accordance with the DOM CSS2 specification - you should directly access the longhand properties (e.g. background-color) to access the desired values.

Parameters:

propertyName - the css property name of the element

Returns:

The current, computed value of the property.