Halt

Appends the given stream to the end of the source, effectively concatenating them.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2) ++ Iterant[Task].of(3, 4)

Appends a stream to the end of the source, effectively concatenating them.

The right hand side is suspended in the F[_] data type, thus allowing for laziness.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2) ++ Task.eval {
   Iterant[Task].of(3, 4)
 }

Prepends an element to the iterant, returning a new iterant that will start with the given head and then continue with the source.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4
 1 +: Iterant[Task].of(2, 3, 4)

Appends the right hand side element to the end of this iterant.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3) :+ 4

Converts the source Iterant that emits A elements into an iterant that emits Either[Throwable, A], thus materializing whatever error that might interrupt the stream.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.exceptions.DummyException

 // Yields Right(1), Right(2), Right(3)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3).attempt

 // Yields Right(1), Right(2), Left(DummyException())
 (Iterant[Task].of(1, 2) ++
   Iterant[Task].raiseError[Int](DummyException("dummy"))).attempt

Optimizes the access to the source by periodically gathering items emitted into batches of the specified size and emitting NextBatch nodes.

For this operation we have this law:

source.batched(16) <-> source

This means that the result will emit exactly what the source emits, however the underlying representation will be different, the emitted notes being of type NextBatch, wrapping arrays with the length equal to the given count.

Very similar in behavior with bufferTumbling, however the batches are implicit, not explicit. Useful for optimization.

Returns an iterant that emits buffers of items it collects from the source iterant. The resulting iterant emits buffers every skip items, each containing count items.

If the source iterant completes, then the current buffer gets signaled downstream. If the source triggers an error then the current buffer is being dropped and the error gets propagated immediately.

For count and skip there are 3 possibilities:

1. in case skip == count, then there are no items dropped and no overlap, the call being equivalent to buffer(count)
2. in case skip < count, then overlap between buffers happens, with the number of elements being repeated being count - skip
3. in case skip > count, then skip - count elements start getting dropped between windows

Example:

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 val source = Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)

 // Yields Seq(1, 2, 3), Seq(4, 5, 6), Seq(7)
 source.bufferSliding(3, 3)

 // Yields Seq(1, 2, 3), Seq(5, 6, 7)
 source.bufferSliding(3, 4)

 // Yields Seq(1, 2, 3), Seq(3, 4, 5), Seq(5, 6, 7)
 source.bufferSliding(3, 2)

Periodically gather items emitted by an iterant into bundles and emit these bundles rather than emitting the items one at a time. This version of buffer is emitting items once the internal buffer has reached the given count.

If the source iterant completes, then the current buffer gets signaled downstream. If the source triggers an error then the current buffer is being dropped and the error gets propagated immediately.

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields Seq(1, 2, 3), Seq(4, 5, 6), Seq(7)
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).bufferTumbling(3)

Builds a new iterant by applying a partial function to all elements of the source on which the function is defined.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 2, 4, 6
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
   .map { x => Option(x).filter(_ % 2 == 0) }
   .collect { case Some(x) => x }

Upon evaluation of the result, consumes this iterant to completion.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Task

 // Whatever...
 val iterant = Iterant[Task].range(0, 10000)

 val onFinish: Task[Unit] =
   iterant.completedL >> Task.eval(println("Done!"))

Alias for concat.

Alias for flatMap.

Create a ConsumerF value that can be used to consume events from the channel.

The returned value is a Resource, because a consumer can be unsubscribed from the channel early, with its internal buffer being garbage collected and the finalizers of the source being triggered.

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.tail.Iterant.Consumer

 def sum(channel: Consumer[Task, Int], acc: Long = 0): Task[Long] =
   channel.pull.flatMap {
     case Right(a) =>
       sum(channel, acc + a)
     case Left(None) =>
       Task.pure(acc)
     case Left(Some(e)) =>
       Task.raiseError(e)
   }

 Iterant[Task].range(0, 10000).consume.use { consumer =>
   sum(consumer)
 }

Version of consume that allows for fine tuning the underlying buffer used.

There are two parameters that can be configured:

• the BufferCapacity, which can be Unbounded, for an unlimited internal buffer in case the consumer is definitely faster than the producer, or Bounded in case back-pressuring a slow consumer is desirable

• the ChannelType.ConsumerSide, which specifies if this consumer will use multiple workers in parallel or not; this is an optimization, with the safe choice being MultiConsumer, which specifies that multiple workers can use the created consumer in parallel, pulling data from multiple threads at the same time; whereas SingleConsumer specifies that the data will be read sequentially by a single worker, not in parallel; this being a risky optimization

Counts the total number of elements emitted by the source.

Example:

 import cats.effect.IO

 // Yields 100
 Iterant[IO].range(0, 100).countL

 // Yields 1
 Iterant[IO].pure(1).countL

 // Yields 0
 Iterant[IO].empty[Int].countL

Suppress duplicate consecutive items emitted by the source.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4)
   .distinctUntilChanged

Duplication is detected by using the equality relationship provided by the cats.Eq type class. This allows one to override the equality operation being used (e.g. maybe the default .equals is badly defined, or maybe you want reference equality, so depending on use case).

==Cats Eq and Scala Interop==

   Monix prefers to work with [[cats.Eq]] for assessing the equality
   of elements that have an ordering defined, instead of
   [[scala.math.Equiv]].

   We do this because Scala's `Equiv` has a default instance defined
   that's based on universal equality and that's a big problem, because
   when using the `Eq` type class, it is universal equality that we
   want to avoid and there have been countless of bugs in the ecosystem
   related to both universal equality and `Equiv`. Thankfully people
   are working to fix it.

   We also do this for consistency, as Monix is now building on top of
   Cats. This may change in the future, depending on what happens with
   [[https://github.com/typelevel/cats/issues/2455 typelevel/cats#2455]].

   Defining `Eq` instance is easy and we can use universal equality
   in our definitions as well:

         import cats.Eq

         case class Address(host: String, port: Int)

         implicit val eqForAddress: Eq[Address] =
           Eq.fromUniversalEquals

Given a function that returns a key for each element emitted by the source, suppress consecutive duplicate items.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 5, 7, 4)
   .distinctUntilChangedByKey(_ % 2)

Duplication is detected by using the equality relationship provided by the cats.Eq type class. This allows one to override the equality operation being used (e.g. maybe the default .equals is badly defined, or maybe you want reference equality, so depending on use case).

==Cats Eq and Scala Interop==

   Monix prefers to work with [[cats.Eq]] for assessing the equality
   of elements that have an ordering defined, instead of
   [[scala.math.Equiv]].

   We do this because Scala's `Equiv` has a default instance defined
   that's based on universal equality and that's a big problem, because
   when using the `Eq` type class, it is universal equality that we
   want to avoid and there have been countless of bugs in the ecosystem
   related to both universal equality and `Equiv`. Thankfully people
   are working to fix it.

   We also do this for consistency, as Monix is now building on top of
   Cats. This may change in the future, depending on what happens with
   [[https://github.com/typelevel/cats/issues/2455 typelevel/cats#2455]].

   Defining `Eq` instance is easy and we can use universal equality
   in our definitions as well:

         import cats.Eq

         case class Address(host: String, port: Int)

         implicit val eqForAddress: Eq[Address] =
           Eq.fromUniversalEquals

Drops the first n elements (from the start).

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 4, 5
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).drop(3)

Drops the last n elements (from the end).

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).dropLast(3)

Drops the longest prefix of elements that satisfy the given predicate and returns a new iterant that emits the rest.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 4, 5
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).dropWhile(_ < 4)

Drops the longest prefix of elements that satisfy the given function and returns a new Iterant that emits the rest.

In comparison with dropWhile, this version accepts a function that takes an additional parameter: the zero-based index of the element.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 3, 4, 5
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
   .dropWhileWithIndex((value, index) => value >= index * 2)

Dumps incoming events to standard output with provided prefix.

Utility that can be used for debugging purposes.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.Scheduler.Implicits.global

 Iterant[Task].range(0, 4)
   .dump("O")
   .completedL

 // 0: O --> next-batch --> 0
 // 1: O --> next-batch --> 1
 // 2: O --> next-batch --> 2
 // 3: O --> next-batch --> 3
 // 4: O --> halt --> no error

Returns true in case the given predicate is satisfied by any of the emitted items, or false in case the end of the stream has been reached with no items satisfying the given predicate.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 val source = Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4)

 // Yields true
 source.existsL(_ % 2 == 0)

 // Yields false
 source.existsL(_ % 7 == 0)

Filters the iterant by the given predicate function, returning only those elements that match.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 2, 4, 6
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).filter(_ % 2 == 0)

Given a predicate, finds the first item that satisfies it, returning Some(a) if available, or None otherwise.

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields Some(2)
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4).findL(_ % 2 == 0)

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4).findL(_ > 10)

The stream is traversed from beginning to end, the process being interrupted as soon as it finds one element matching the predicate, or until the stream ends.

Applies the function to the elements of the source and concatenates the results.

This operation is the monadic "bind", with all laws it entails.

Also note that the implementation can use constant memory depending on usage, thus it can be used in tail recursive loops.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Effectively equivalent with .filter
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).flatMap { elem =>
   if (elem % 2 == 0)
     Iterant[Task].pure(elem)
   else
     Iterant[Task].empty[Int]
 }

Given an Iterant that generates Iterant elements, concatenates all the generated iterants.

Equivalent with: source.flatMap(x => x)

Given evidence that type A has a cats.Monoid implementation, folds the stream with the provided monoid definition.

For streams emitting numbers, this effectively sums them up. For strings, this concatenates them.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 10
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).foldL

 // Yields "1234"
 Iterant[Task].of("1", "2", "3", "4").foldL

Note, in case you don't have a Monoid instance in scope, but you feel like you should, try one of these imports:

 // everything
 import cats.implicits._
 // a la carte:
 import cats.instances.all._

Left associative fold using the function op.

On execution the stream will be traversed from left to right, and the given function will be called with the prior result, accumulating state until the end, when the summary is returned.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 15 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).foldLeftL(0)(_ + _)

Lazily fold the stream to a single value from the right.

This is the common foldr operation from Haskell's Foldable, or foldRight from cats.Foldable, but with the difference that Iterant is a lazy data type and thus it has to operate in the F[_] context.

Here's for example how existsL, forallL and ++ could be expressed in terms of foldRightL:

 import cats.implicits._
 import cats.effect.Sync

 def exists[F[_], A](fa: Iterant[F, A], p: A => Boolean)
   (implicit F: Sync[F]): F[Boolean] = {

   fa.foldRightL(F.pure(false)) { (a, next) =>
     if (p(a)) F.pure(true) else next
   }
 }

 def forall[F[_], A](fa: Iterant[F, A], p: A => Boolean)
   (implicit F: Sync[F]): F[Boolean] = {

   fa.foldRightL(F.pure(true)) { (a, next) =>
     if (!p(a)) F.pure(false) else next
   }
 }

 def concat[F[_], A](lh: Iterant[F, A], rh: Iterant[F, A])
   (implicit F: Sync[F]): Iterant[F, A] = {

   Iterant.suspend[F, A] {
     lh.foldRightL(F.pure(rh)) { (a, rest) =>
       F.pure(Iterant.nextS(a, rest))
     }
   }
 }

In this example we are short-circuiting the processing in case we find the one element that we are looking for, otherwise we keep traversing the stream until the end, finally returning the default value in case we haven't found what we were looking for.

Left associative fold using the function op that can be short-circuited.

On execution the stream will be traversed from left to right, and the given function will be called with the prior result, accumulating state either until the end, or until op returns a Right result, when the summary is returned.

The results are returned in the F[_] functor context, meaning that we can have lazy or asynchronous processing and we can suspend side effects, depending on the F data type being used.

Example using cats.effect.IO:

 import cats.implicits._
 import cats.effect.IO

 // Sums first 10 items
 Iterant[IO].range(0, 1000).foldWhileLeftEvalL(IO((0, 0))) {
   case ((sum, count), e) =>
     IO {
       val next = (sum + e, count + 1)
       if (count + 1 < 10) Left(next) else Right(next)
     }
 }

 // Implements exists(predicate)
 Iterant[IO].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).foldWhileLeftEvalL(IO(false)) {
   (default, e) =>
     IO { if (e == 3) Right(true) else Left(default) }
 }

 // Implements forall(predicate)
 Iterant[IO].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).foldWhileLeftEvalL(IO(true)) {
   (default, e) =>
     IO { if (e != 3) Right(false) else Left(default) }
 }

Left associative fold using the function op that can be short-circuited.

On execution the stream will be traversed from left to right, and the given function will be called with the prior result, accumulating state either until the end, or until op returns a Right result, when the summary is returned.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Sums first 10 items
 Iterant[Task].range(0, 1000).foldWhileLeftL((0, 0)) {
   case ((sum, count), e) =>
     val next = (sum + e, count + 1)
     if (count + 1 < 10) Left(next) else Right(next)
 }

 // Implements exists(predicate)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).foldWhileLeftL(false) {
   (default, e) =>
     if (e == 3) Right(true) else Left(default)
 }

 // Implements forall(predicate)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).foldWhileLeftL(true) {
   (default, e) =>
     if (e != 3) Right(false) else Left(default)
 }

Returns true in case the given predicate is satisfied by all of the emitted items, or false in case the given predicate fails for any of those items.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 val source = Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4)

 // Yields false
 source.forallL(_ % 2 == 0)

 // Yields true
 source.existsL(_ < 10)

Consumes the source iterable, executing the given callback for each element.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Prints all elements, each one on a different line
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3).foreach { elem =>
   println("Elem: " + elem.toString)
 }

Given a routine make sure to execute it whenever the current stream reaches the end, successfully, in error, or canceled.

Implements cats.effect.Bracket.guarantee.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 def iterant: Iterant[Task, Int] =
   Iterant.delay(???)

 iterant.guarantee(Task.eval {
   println("Releasing resources!")
 })

Returns a new iterant in which f is scheduled to be executed on halt or if canceled.

Implements cats.effect.Bracket.guaranteeCase.

This would typically be used to ensure that a finalizer will run at the end of the stream.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import cats.effect.ExitCase

 def iterant: Iterant[Task, Int] =
   Iterant.delay(???)

 iterant.guaranteeCase(err => Task.eval {
   err match {
     case ExitCase.Completed =>
       println("Completed successfully!")
     case ExitCase.Error(e) =>
       e.printStackTrace()
     case ExitCase.Canceled =>
       println("Was stopped early!")
   }
 })

Optionally selects the first element.

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields Some(1)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).headOptionL

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Task].empty[Int].headOptionL

Lazily interleaves two iterants together, starting with the first element from self.

The length of the result will be the shorter of the two arguments.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 val lh = Iterant[Task].of(11, 12)
 val rh = Iterant[Task].of(21, 22, 23)

 // Yields 11, 21, 12, 22
 lh.interleave(rh)

Creates a new stream from the source that will emit the start element followed by the upstream elements paired with the separator and lastly the end element.

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields '<', 'a', '-', 'b', '>'
 Iterant[Coeval].of('a', 'b').intersperse('<', '-', '>')

Creates a new stream from the source that will emit a specific separator between every pair of elements.

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields 1, 0, 2, 0, 3
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3).intersperse(0)

Optionally selects the last element.

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields Some(4)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).lastOptionL

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Task].empty[Int].lastOptionL

Returns a new stream by mapping the supplied function over the elements of the source.

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 2, 4, 6
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3).map(_ * 2)

Returns a new stream by mapping the supplied function over the elements of the source yielding Iterant consisting of NextBatch nodes.

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.tail.batches.Batch

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 Iterant[Task].of(List(1, 2, 3), List(4), List(5)).mapBatch(Batch.fromSeq(_))
 // Yields 2, 4, 6
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3).mapBatch(x => Batch(x * 2))

Given a mapping function that returns a possibly lazy or asynchronous result, applies it over the elements emitted by the stream.

 import monix.eval.Task

 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).mapEval { elem =>
   Task.eval {
     println("Received: " + elem.toString)
     elem * 2
   }
 }

Given a functor transformation from F to G, lifts the source into an iterant that is going to use the resulting G for evaluation.

This can be used for replacing the underlying F type into something else. For example say we have an iterant that uses monix.eval.Coeval, but we want to convert it into one that uses monix.eval.Task for evaluation:

 import cats.~>
 import monix.eval._

 // Source is using Coeval for evaluation
 val source = Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4)

 // Transformation to an Iterant of Task
 source.mapK(Coeval.liftTo[Task])

This operator can be used for more than transforming the F type into something else.

Takes the elements of the source iterant and emits the element that has the maximum key value, where the key is generated by the given function.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Coeval

 case class Person(name: String, age: Int)

 // Yields Some(Person("Peter", 23))
 Iterant[Coeval].of(Person("Peter", 23), Person("May", 21))
   .maxByL(_.age)

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Coeval].empty[Person].maxByL(_.age)

==Cats Order and Scala Interop==

   Monix prefers to work with [[cats.Order]] for assessing the order
   of elements that have an ordering defined, instead of
   [[scala.math.Ordering]].

   We do this for consistency, as Monix is now building on top of Cats.
   This may change in the future, depending on what happens with
   [[https://github.com/typelevel/cats/issues/2455 typelevel/cats#2455]].

   Building a `cats.Order` is easy to do if you already have a
   Scala `Ordering` instance:

         import cats.Order

         case class Person(name: String, age: Int)

         // Starting from a Scala Ordering
         implicit val scalaOrderingForPerson: Ordering[Person] =
           new Ordering[Person] {
             def compare(x: Person, y: Person): Int =
               x.age.compareTo(y.age) match {
                 case 0 => x.name.compareTo(y.name)
                 case o => o
               }
           }

         // Building a cats.Order from it
         implicit val catsOrderForPerson: Order[Person] =
           Order.fromOrdering

   You can also do that in reverse, so you can prefer `cats.Order`
   (due to Cats also exposing laws and tests for free) and build a
   Scala `Ordering` when needed:

         val scalaOrdering = catsOrderForPerson.toOrdering

Given a cats.Order over the stream's elements, returns the maximum element in the stream.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields Some(20)
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 10, 7, 6, 8, 20, 3, 5).maxL

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Coeval].empty[Int].maxL

==Cats Order and Scala Interop==

   Monix prefers to work with [[cats.Order]] for assessing the order
   of elements that have an ordering defined, instead of
   [[scala.math.Ordering]].

   We do this for consistency, as Monix is now building on top of Cats.
   This may change in the future, depending on what happens with
   [[https://github.com/typelevel/cats/issues/2455 typelevel/cats#2455]].

   Building a `cats.Order` is easy to do if you already have a
   Scala `Ordering` instance:

         import cats.Order

         case class Person(name: String, age: Int)

         // Starting from a Scala Ordering
         implicit val scalaOrderingForPerson: Ordering[Person] =
           new Ordering[Person] {
             def compare(x: Person, y: Person): Int =
               x.age.compareTo(y.age) match {
                 case 0 => x.name.compareTo(y.name)
                 case o => o
               }
           }

         // Building a cats.Order from it
         implicit val catsOrderForPerson: Order[Person] =
           Order.fromOrdering

   You can also do that in reverse, so you can prefer `cats.Order`
   (due to Cats also exposing laws and tests for free) and build a
   Scala `Ordering` when needed:

         val scalaOrdering = catsOrderForPerson.toOrdering

Takes the elements of the source iterant and emits the element that has the minimum key value, where the key is generated by the given function.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Coeval

 case class Person(name: String, age: Int)

 // Yields Some(Person("May", 21))
 Iterant[Coeval].of(Person("Peter", 23), Person("May", 21))
   .minByL(_.age)

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Coeval].empty[Person].minByL(_.age)

==Cats Order and Scala Interop==

   Monix prefers to work with [[cats.Order]] for assessing the order
   of elements that have an ordering defined, instead of
   [[scala.math.Ordering]].

   We do this for consistency, as Monix is now building on top of Cats.
   This may change in the future, depending on what happens with
   [[https://github.com/typelevel/cats/issues/2455 typelevel/cats#2455]].

   Building a `cats.Order` is easy to do if you already have a
   Scala `Ordering` instance:

         import cats.Order

         case class Person(name: String, age: Int)

         // Starting from a Scala Ordering
         implicit val scalaOrderingForPerson: Ordering[Person] =
           new Ordering[Person] {
             def compare(x: Person, y: Person): Int =
               x.age.compareTo(y.age) match {
                 case 0 => x.name.compareTo(y.name)
                 case o => o
               }
           }

         // Building a cats.Order from it
         implicit val catsOrderForPerson: Order[Person] =
           Order.fromOrdering

   You can also do that in reverse, so you can prefer `cats.Order`
   (due to Cats also exposing laws and tests for free) and build a
   Scala `Ordering` when needed:

         val scalaOrdering = catsOrderForPerson.toOrdering

Given a cats.Order over the stream's elements, returns the minimum element in the stream.

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields Some(3)
 Iterant[Coeval].of(10, 7, 6, 8, 20, 3, 5).minL

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Coeval].empty[Int].minL

==Cats Order and Scala Interop==

   Monix prefers to work with [[cats.Order]] for assessing the order
   of elements that have an ordering defined, instead of
   [[scala.math.Ordering]].

   We do this for consistency, as Monix is now building on top of Cats.
   This may change in the future, depending on what happens with
   [[https://github.com/typelevel/cats/issues/2455 typelevel/cats#2455]].

   Building a `cats.Order` is easy to do if you already have a
   Scala `Ordering` instance:

         import cats.Order

         case class Person(name: String, age: Int)

         // Starting from a Scala Ordering
         implicit val scalaOrderingForPerson: Ordering[Person] =
           new Ordering[Person] {
             def compare(x: Person, y: Person): Int =
               x.age.compareTo(y.age) match {
                 case 0 => x.name.compareTo(y.name)
                 case o => o
               }
           }

         // Building a cats.Order from it
         implicit val catsOrderForPerson: Order[Person] =
           Order.fromOrdering

   You can also do that in reverse, so you can prefer `cats.Order`
   (due to Cats also exposing laws and tests for free) and build a
   Scala `Ordering` when needed:

         val scalaOrdering = catsOrderForPerson.toOrdering

Returns an Iterant that mirrors the behavior of the source, unless the source is terminated with an error, in which case the streaming of events fallbacks to an iterant emitting a single element generated by the backup function.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.exceptions.DummyException

 val prefix = Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4)
 val suffix = Iterant[Task].raiseError[Int](DummyException("dummy"))
 val fa = prefix ++ suffix

 fa.onErrorHandle { _ => 5 }

See onErrorRecover for the version that takes a partial function as a parameter.

Returns an Iterant that mirrors the behavior of the source, unless the source is terminated with an error, in which case the streaming of events continues with the specified backup sequence generated by the given function.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.exceptions.DummyException

 val prefix = Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4)
 val suffix = Iterant[Task].raiseError[Int](DummyException("dummy"))
 val fa = prefix ++ suffix

 fa.onErrorHandleWith {
   case _: DummyException =>
     Iterant[Task].pure(5)
   case other =>
     Iterant[Task].raiseError[Int](other)
 }

See onErrorRecoverWith for the version that takes a partial function as a parameter.

Returns a new Iterant that mirrors the source, but ignores any errors in case they happen.

Returns an Iterant that mirrors the behavior of the source, unless the source is terminated with an error, in which case the streaming of events fallbacks to an iterant emitting a single element generated by the backup function.

The created Iterant mirrors the behavior of the source in case the source does not end with an error or if the thrown Throwable is not matched.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.exceptions.DummyException

 val prefix = Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4)
 val suffix = Iterant[Task].raiseError[Int](DummyException("dummy"))
 val fa = prefix ++ suffix

 fa.onErrorRecover {
   case _: DummyException => 5
 }

See onErrorHandle for the version that takes a total function as a parameter.

Returns an Iterant that mirrors the behavior of the source, unless the source is terminated with an error, in which case the streaming of events continues with the specified backup sequence generated by the given partial function.

The created Iterant mirrors the behavior of the source in case the source does not end with an error or if the thrown Throwable is not matched.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.exceptions.DummyException

 val prefix = Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4)
 val suffix = Iterant[Task].raiseError[Int](DummyException("dummy"))
 val fa = prefix ++ suffix

 fa.onErrorRecoverWith {
   case _: DummyException =>
     Iterant[Task].pure(5)
 }

See onErrorHandleWith for the version that takes a total function as a parameter.

Lazily zip two iterants together, the elements of the emitted tuples being fetched in parallel.

This is the parallel version of zip, the results are still ordered, but it can yield non-deterministic ordering of effects when fetching the elements of an emitted tuple.

Lazily zip two iterants together, in parallel, using the given function f to produce output values.

This is like zipMap, except that the element pairs are processed in parallel (ordered results, but non-deterministic ordering of effects).

Consumes the source by pushing it to the specified channel.

Reduces the elements of the source using the specified associative binary operator, going from left to right, start to finish.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Coeval

 // Yields Some(10)
 Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3, 4).reduceL(_ + _)

 // Yields None
 Iterant[Coeval].empty[Int].reduceL(_ + _)

Repeats the items emitted by the source continuously

It terminates either on error or if the source is empty.

In case repetition on empty streams is desired, then combine with retryIfEmpty:

 import monix.eval.Coeval
 import scala.util.Random

 val stream = Iterant[Coeval].suspend(Coeval {
   val nr = Random.nextInt()
   if (nr % 10 != 0)
     Iterant[Coeval].empty[Int]
   else
     Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3)
 })

 // Will eventually repeat elements 1, 2, 3
 stream.retryIfEmpty(None).repeat

Retries processing the source stream after the search is detected as being empty.

 import monix.eval.Coeval
 import scala.util.Random

 val stream = Iterant[Coeval].suspend(Coeval {
   val nr = Random.nextInt()
   if (nr % 10 != 0)
     Iterant[Coeval].empty[Int]
   else
     Iterant[Coeval].of(1, 2, 3)
 })

 // Will eventually stream elements 1, 2, 3
 stream.retryIfEmpty(None)

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this Iterant, going left to right and returns a new Iterant that emits on each step the result of the applied function.

Similar to foldLeftL, but emits the state on each step. Useful for modeling finite state machines.

Example showing how state can be evolved and acted upon:

 import monix.eval.Task

 sealed trait State[+A] { def count: Int }
 case object Init extends State[Nothing] { def count = 0 }
 case class Current[A](current: A, count: Int) extends State[A]

 // Whatever...
 val source = Iterant[Task].range(0, 1000)

 val scanned = source.scan(Init : State[Int]) { (acc, a) =>
   acc match {
     case Init => Current(a, 1)
     case Current(_, count) => Current(a, count + 1)
   }
 }

 scanned
   .takeWhile(_.count < 10)
   .collect { case Current(a, _) => a }

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this Iterant, going left to right and returns a new Iterant that emits on each step the result of the applied function.

This is a version of scan that emits seed element at the beginning, similar to scanLeft on Scala collections.

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this Iterant, going left to right and returns a new Iterant that emits on each step the result of the applied function.

Similar with scan, but this can suspend and evaluate side effects in the F[_] context, thus allowing for asynchronous data processing.

Similar to foldLeftL and foldWhileLeftEvalL, but emits the state on each step. Useful for modeling finite state machines.

Example showing how state can be evolved and acted upon:

 import monix.eval.Task

 sealed trait State[+A] { def count: Int }
 case object Init extends State[Nothing] { def count = 0 }
 case class Current[A](current: Option[A], count: Int)
   extends State[A]

 // Dummies
 case class Person(id: Int, name: String, age: Int)
 def requestPersonDetails(id: Int): Task[Option[Person]] = Task.delay(???)

 // Whatever
 val source = Iterant[Task].range(0, 1000)
 // Initial state
 val seed = Task.now(Init : State[Person])

 val scanned = source.scanEval(seed) { (state, id) =>
   requestPersonDetails(id).map { a =>
     state match {
       case Init =>
         Current(a, 1)
       case Current(_, count) =>
         Current(a, count + 1)
     }
   }
 }

 scanned
   .takeWhile(_.count < 10)
   .collect { case Current(Some(a), _) => a }

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this Iterant, going left to right and returns a new Iterant that emits on each step the result of the applied function.

This is a version of scanEval that emits seed element at the beginning, similar to scanLeft on Scala collections.

Given a mapping function that returns a B type for which we have a cats.Monoid instance, returns a new stream that folds the incoming elements of the sources using the provided Monoid[B].combine, with the initial seed being the Monoid[B].empty value, emitting the generated values at each step.

Equivalent with scan applied with the given cats.Monoid, so given our f mapping function returns a B, this law holds:

stream.scanMap(f) <-> stream.scan(Monoid[B].empty)(Monoid[B].combine)

Example:

 import cats.implicits._
 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).scanMap(x => x * 2)

Given a mapping function that returns a B type for which we have a cats.Monoid instance, returns a new stream that folds the incoming elements of the sources using the provided Monoid[B].combine, with the initial seed being the Monoid[B].empty value, emitting the generated values at each step.

This is a version of scanMap that emits seed element at the beginning.

Given evidence that type A has a scala.math.Numeric implementation, sums the stream of elements.

An alternative to foldL which does not require any imports and works in cases cats.Monoid is not defined for values (e.g. A = Char)

In case this Iterant is empty, switch to the given backup.

Drops the first element of the source iterant, emitting the rest.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 2, 3, 4
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).tail

Creates a new iterant that upon evaluation will select the first n elements from the source and then stop, in the order they are emitted by the source.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).take(3)

Takes every n-th element, dropping intermediary elements and returns a new iterant that emits those elements.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 2, 4, 6
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).takeEveryNth(2)

 // Yields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).takeEveryNth(1)

Creates a new iterable that only emits the last n elements emitted by the source.

In case the source triggers an error, then the underlying buffer gets dropped and the error gets emitted immediately.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).take(3)

Takes longest prefix of elements that satisfy the given predicate and returns a new iterant that emits those elements.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2, 3
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).takeWhile(_ < 4)

Takes longest prefix of elements zipped with their indices that satisfy the given predicate and returns a new iterant that emits those elements.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields 1, 2
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).takeWhileWithIndex((_, idx) => idx != 2)

Converts this Iterant to a monix.catnap.ChannelF.

Aggregates all elements in a List and preserves order.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 // Yields List(1, 2, 3, 4)
 Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).toListL

Note that this operation is dangerous, since if the iterant is infinite then this operation is non-terminating, the process probably blowing up with an out of memory error sooner or later.

Converts this Iterant into an org.reactivestreams.Publisher.

Meant for interoperability with other Reactive Streams implementations. Also useful because it turns the Iterant into another data type with a push-based communication protocol with back-pressure.

Usage sample:

 import monix.eval.Task
 import monix.execution.rstreams.SingleAssignSubscription
 import org.reactivestreams.{Publisher, Subscriber, Subscription}

 def sum(source: Publisher[Int], requestSize: Int): Task[Long] =
   Task.create { (_, cb) =>
     val sub = SingleAssignSubscription()

     source.subscribe(new Subscriber[Int] {
       private[this] var requested = 0L
       private[this] var sum = 0L

       def onSubscribe(s: Subscription): Unit = {
         sub := s
         requested = requestSize
         s.request(requestSize)
       }

       def onNext(t: Int): Unit = {
         sum += t
         if (requestSize != Long.MaxValue) requested -= 1

         if (requested <= 0) {
           requested = requestSize
           sub.request(requestSize)
         }
       }

       def onError(t: Throwable): Unit =
         cb.onError(t)
       def onComplete(): Unit =
         cb.onSuccess(sum)
     })

     // Cancelable that can be used by Task
     sub
   }

 // Needed for `Effect[Task]`
 import monix.execution.Scheduler.Implicits.global

 val pub = Iterant[Task].of(1, 2, 3, 4).toReactivePublisher

 // Yields 10
 sum(pub, requestSize = 128)

See the Reactive Streams for details.

Pull the first element out of this Iterant and return it and the rest. If the returned Option is None, the remainder is always empty.

The value returned is wrapped in Iterant to preserve resource safety, and consumption of the rest must not leak outside of use. The returned Iterant always contains a single element

 import cats._, cats.implicits._, cats.effect._

  def unconsFold[F[_]: Sync, A: Monoid](iterant: Iterant[F, A]): F[A] = {
   def go(iterant: Iterant[F, A], acc: A): Iterant[F, A] =
     iterant.uncons.flatMap {
       case (None, _) => Iterant.pure(acc)
       case (Some(a), rest) => go(rest, acc |+| a)
     }

   go(iterant, Monoid[A].empty).headOptionL.map(_.getOrElse(Monoid[A].empty))
 }

Applies the function to the elements of the source and concatenates the results.

This variant of flatMap is not referentially transparent, because it tries to apply function f immediately, in case the Iterant is in a NextCursor or NextBatch state.

To be used for optimizations, but keep in mind it's unsafe, as its application isn't referentially transparent.

Explicit covariance operator.

The Iterant type isn't covariant in type param A, because covariance doesn't play well with a higher-kinded type like F[_]. So in case you have an Iterant[F, A], but need an Iterant[F, B], knowing that A extends B, then you can do an upcast.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 val source: Iterant[Task, List[Int]] = Iterant.suspend(Task[Iterant[Task, List[Int]]](???))

 // This will trigger an error because of the invariance:
 // val sequences: Iterant[Task, Seq[Int]] = source

 // But this will work just fine:
 val sequence: Iterant[Task, Seq[Int]] = source.upcast[Seq[Int]]

Alias to filter to support syntax in for comprehension, i.e.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 case class Person(age: Int)

 val peopleSource: Iterant[Task, Person] =
   Iterant.range[Task](1, 100).map(Person.apply)

 for {
   adult <- peopleSource if adult.age >= 18
 } yield adult

Lazily zip two iterants together.

The length of the result will be the shorter of the two arguments.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 val lh = Iterant[Task].of(11, 12, 13, 14)
 val rh = Iterant[Task].of(21, 22, 23, 24, 25)

 // Yields (11, 21), (12, 22), (13, 23), (14, 24)
 lh.zip(rh)

Lazily zip two iterants together, using the given function f to produce output values.

The length of the result will be the shorter of the two arguments.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 val lh = Iterant[Task].of(11, 12, 13, 14)
 val rh = Iterant[Task].of(21, 22, 23, 24, 25)

 // Yields 32, 34, 36, 38
 lh.zipMap(rh) { (a, b) => a + b }

Zips the emitted elements of the source with their indices.

The length of the result will be the same as the source.

Example:

 import monix.eval.Task

 val source = Iterant[Task].of("Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday")

 // Yields ("Sunday", 0), ("Monday", 1), ("Tuesday", 2), ("Wednesday", 3)
 source.zipWithIndex