Package org.assertj.core.api

Class Java6BDDAssertions

  • @Deprecated
public class Java6BDDAssertions
extends Object
    Deprecated.
    For Android compatible assertions use the latest assertj 2.x version which is based on Java 7 only.

    Android-compatible BDD-style assertions duplicated from BDDAssertions.

    Since:
    2.5.0 / 3.5.0
    See Also:
    BDDAssertions

    • Constructor Detail

      • Java6BDDAssertions

        protected Java6BDDAssertions()
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new BDDAssertions.

    • Method Detail

      • then

        public static AtomicLongAssert then​(AtomicLong actual)
        Deprecated.
        Create assertion for AtomicLong.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        2.7.0 / 3.7.0

      • then

        public static <VALUE> AtomicReferenceAssert<VALUE> then​(AtomicReference<VALUE> actual)
        Deprecated.
        Create assertion for AtomicReference.
        Type Parameters:
        VALUE - the type of the value contained in the AtomicReference.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        2.7.0 / 3.7.0

      • then

        public static AbstractBooleanAssert<?> then​(boolean actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of BooleanAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Boolean2DArrayAssert then​(boolean[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Boolean2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static AbstractByteAssert<?> then​(byte actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ByteAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractByteAssert<?> then​(Byte actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ByteAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractByteArrayAssert<?> then​(byte[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ByteArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Byte2DArrayAssert then​(byte[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Byte2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static AbstractCharacterAssert<?> then​(char actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of CharacterAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractCharArrayAssert<?> then​(char[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of CharArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Char2DArrayAssert then​(char[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Char2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static AbstractClassAssert<?> then​(Class<?> actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ClassAssert
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> AbstractComparableAssert<?,​T> then​(T actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of GenericComparableAssert with standard comparison semantics.
        Type Parameters:
        T - the actual type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <T> AbstractIteratorAssert<?,​T> then​(Iterator<? extends T> actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of IteratorAssert.

        Breaking change in version 3.12.0: this method does not return anymore an IterableAssert but an IteratorAssert.
        In order to access assertions from IterableAssert, use AbstractIteratorAssert.toIterable().

        IteratorAssert instances have limited assertions because it does not consume iterator's elements.

        Examples: 

         Iterator<String> bestBasketBallPlayers = getBestBasketBallPlayers();

 then(bestBasketBallPlayers).hasNext() // Iterator assertion
                            .toIterable() // switch to Iterable assertions
                            .contains("Jordan", "Magic", "Lebron"); // Iterable assertion
        Type Parameters:
        T - the actual elements type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <ACTUAL extends Iterable<? extends ELEMENT>,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT extends AbstractAssert<ELEMENT_ASSERT,​ELEMENT>> FactoryBasedNavigableIterableAssert<?,​ACTUAL,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT> then​(Iterable<? extends ELEMENT> actual,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               AssertFactory<ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT> assertFactory)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FactoryBasedNavigableIterableAssert allowing to navigate to any Iterable element in order to perform assertions on it.

        Navigational methods provided:

        The available assertions after navigating to an element depend on the ELEMENT_ASSERT parameter of the given AssertFactory<ELEMENT, ELEMENT_ASSERT> (AssertJ can't figure it out because of Java type erasure).

        Example with String element assertions: 

         Iterable<String> hobbits = newHashSet("frodo", "sam", "pippin");

 // build an AssertFactory for StringAssert (much nicer with Java 8 lambdas)
 AssertFactory<String, StringAssert> stringAssertFactory = new AssertFactory<String, StringAssert>() {
   @Override
   public StringAssert createAssert(String string) {
     return new StringAssert(string);
   }
 };

 // assertion succeeds with String assertions chained after first()
 then(hobbits, stringAssertFactory).first()
                                   .startsWith("fro")
                                   .endsWith("do");
        Type Parameters:
        ACTUAL - The actual type
        ELEMENT - The actual elements type
        ELEMENT_ASSERT - The actual elements AbstractAssert type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        assertFactory - the factory used to create the elements assert instance.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <ACTUAL extends Iterable<? extends ELEMENT>,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT extends AbstractAssert<ELEMENT_ASSERT,​ELEMENT>> ClassBasedNavigableIterableAssert<?,​ACTUAL,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT> then​(ACTUAL actual,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Class<ELEMENT_ASSERT> assertClass)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ClassBasedNavigableIterableAssert allowing to navigate to any Iterable element in order to perform assertions on it.

        Navigational methods provided:

        The available assertions after navigating to an element depend on the given assertClass (AssertJ can't find the element assert type by itself because of Java type erasure).

        Example with String element assertions: 

         Iterable<String> hobbits = newHashSet("frodo", "sam", "pippin");

 // assertion succeeds with String assertions chained after first()
 then(hobbits, StringAssert.class).first()
                                  .startsWith("fro")
                                  .endsWith("do");
        Type Parameters:
        ACTUAL - The actual type
        ELEMENT - The actual elements type
        ELEMENT_ASSERT - The actual elements AbstractAssert type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        assertClass - the class used to create the elements assert instance.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <ACTUAL extends List<? extends ELEMENT>,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT extends AbstractAssert<ELEMENT_ASSERT,​ELEMENT>> FactoryBasedNavigableListAssert<?,​ACTUAL,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT> then​(List<? extends ELEMENT> actual,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       AssertFactory<ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT> assertFactory)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FactoryBasedNavigableListAssert allowing to navigate to any List element in order to perform assertions on it.

        Navigational methods provided:

        The available assertions after navigating to an element depend on the ELEMENT_ASSERT parameter of the given AssertFactory<ELEMENT, ELEMENT_ASSERT> (AssertJ can't figure it out because of Java type erasure).

        Example with String element assertions: 

         List<String> hobbits = newArrayList("frodo", "sam", "pippin");

 // build an AssertFactory for StringAssert (much nicer with Java 8 lambdas)
 AssertFactory<String, StringAssert> stringAssertFactory = new AssertFactory<String, StringAssert>() {
   @Override
   public StringAssert createAssert(String string) {
     return new StringAssert(string);
   }
 };

 // assertion succeeds with String assertions chained after first()
 then(hobbits, stringAssertFactory).first()
                                   .startsWith("fro")
                                   .endsWith("do");
        Type Parameters:
        ACTUAL - The actual type
        ELEMENT - The actual elements type
        ELEMENT_ASSERT - The actual elements AbstractAssert type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        assertFactory - the factory used to create the elements assert instance.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <ELEMENT,​ACTUAL extends List<? extends ELEMENT>,​ELEMENT_ASSERT extends AbstractAssert<ELEMENT_ASSERT,​ELEMENT>> ClassBasedNavigableListAssert<?,​ACTUAL,​ELEMENT,​ELEMENT_ASSERT> then​(List<? extends ELEMENT> actual,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Class<ELEMENT_ASSERT> assertClass)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ClassBasedNavigableListAssert allowing to navigate to any List element in order to perform assertions on it.

        Navigational methods provided:

        The available assertions after navigating to an element depend on the given assertClass (AssertJ can't find the element assert type by itself because of Java type erasure).

        Example with String element assertions: 

         List<String> hobbits = newArrayList("frodo", "sam", "pippin");

 // assertion succeeds with String assertions chained after first()
 then(hobbits, StringAssert.class).first()
                                  .startsWith("fro")
                                  .endsWith("do");
        Type Parameters:
        ACTUAL - The actual type
        ELEMENT - The actual elements type
        ELEMENT_ASSERT - The actual elements AbstractAssert type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        assertClass - the class used to create the elements assert instance.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractDoubleAssert<?> then​(double actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of DoubleAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractDoubleAssert<?> then​(Double actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of DoubleAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractDoubleArrayAssert<?> then​(double[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of DoubleArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Double2DArrayAssert then​(double[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Double2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static AbstractFileAssert<?> then​(File actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FileAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <RESULT> AbstractFutureAssert<?,​? extends Future<? extends RESULT>,​RESULT> then​(Future<RESULT> actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FutureAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        RESULT - the type of the value contained in the Future.
        Parameters:
        actual - the future to test
        Returns:
        the created assertion object
        Since:
        2.7.0 / 3.7.0

      • then

        public static AbstractFloatAssert<?> then​(float actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FloatAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractFloatAssert<?> then​(Float actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FloatAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractFloatArrayAssert<?> then​(float[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of FloatArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractIntegerAssert<?> then​(int actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of IntegerAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractIntArrayAssert<?> then​(int[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of IntArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Int2DArrayAssert then​(int[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Int2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Float2DArrayAssert then​(float[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Float2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static <T> AbstractListAssert<?,​List<? extends T>,​T,​ObjectAssert<T>> then​(List<? extends T> actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ListAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        T - the actual elements type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractLongAssert<?> then​(long actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of LongAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractLongAssert<?> then​(Long actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of LongAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractLongArrayAssert<?> then​(long[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of LongArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Long2DArrayAssert then​(long[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Long2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static <T> AbstractObjectAssert<?,​T> then​(T actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ObjectAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        T - the actual type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <T> AbstractObjectArrayAssert<?,​T> then​(T[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ObjectArrayAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        T - the actual elements type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <T> Object2DArrayAssert<T> then​(T[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Object2DArrayAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        T - the actual elements type
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static <K,​V> MapAssert<K,​V> then​(Map<K,​V> actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of MapAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        K - the type of keys in the map.
        V - the type of values in the map.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractShortAssert<?> then​(short actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ShortAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractShortAssert<?> then​(Short actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ShortAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractShortArrayAssert<?> then​(short[] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ShortArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static Short2DArrayAssert then​(short[][] actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of Short2DArrayAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.17.0

      • then

        public static AbstractStringAssert<?> then​(String actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of StringAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractDateAssert<?> then​(Date actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of DateAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <T extends Throwable> AbstractThrowableAssert<?,​T> then​(T actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ThrowableAssert.
        Type Parameters:
        T - the type of the actual throwable.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion Throwable.

      • thenThrownBy

        public static AbstractThrowableAssert<?,​? extends Throwable> thenThrownBy​(ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable shouldRaiseThrowable)
        Deprecated.
        Allows to capture and then assert on a Throwable more easily when used with Java 8 lambdas.

        Java 8 example : 

         @Test
  public void testException() {
    thenThrownBy(() -> { throw new Exception("boom!") }).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
                                                        .hasMessageContaining("boom");
  }
        Java 7 example : 
         thenThrownBy(new ThrowingCallable() {

   @Override
   public Void call() throws Exception {
     throw new Exception("boom!");
   }

 }).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
   .hasMessageContaining("boom");
        If the provided ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable does not raise an exception, an error is immediately thrown, in that case the test description provided with as(String, Object...) is not honored.
        To use a test description, use Assertions.catchThrowable(ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable) as shown below: 
         // assertion will fail but "display me" won't appear in the error
 thenThrownBy(() -> {}).as("display me")
                       .isInstanceOf(Exception.class);

 // assertion will fail AND "display me" will appear in the error
 Throwable thrown = catchThrowable(() -> {});
 then(thrown).as("display me")
             .isInstanceOf(Exception.class);
        Alternatively you can also use thenCode(ThrowingCallable) for the test description provided with as(String, Object...) to always be honored.
        Parameters:
        shouldRaiseThrowable - The ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable or lambda with the code that should raise the throwable.
        Returns:
        The captured exception or null if none was raised by the callable.

      • thenThrownBy

        public static AbstractThrowableAssert<?,​? extends Throwable> thenThrownBy​(ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable shouldRaiseThrowable,
                                                                                String description,
                                                                                Object... args)
        Deprecated.
        Allows to capture and then assert on a Throwable like thenThrownBy(ThrowingCallable) but this method let you set the assertion description the same way you do with as(String, Object...).

        Example: 

         @Test
  public void testException() {
    // if this assertion failed (but it doesn't), the error message would start with [Test explosive code]
    thenThrownBy(() -> { throw new IOException("boom!") }, "Test explosive code")
             .isInstanceOf(IOException.class)
             .hasMessageContaining("boom");
 }
        If the provided ThrowingCallable does not raise an exception, an error is immediately thrown.

        The test description provided is honored but not the one with as(String, Object...), example: 

         // assertion will fail but "display me" won't appear in the error message
 thenThrownBy(() -> {}).as("display me")
                       .isInstanceOf(Exception.class);

 // assertion will fail AND "display me" will appear in the error message
 thenThrownBy(() -> {}, "display me")
                        .isInstanceOf(Exception.class);
        Parameters:
        shouldRaiseThrowable - The ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable or lambda with the code that should raise the throwable.
        description - the new description to set.
        args - optional parameter if description is a format String.
        Returns:
        the created ThrowableAssert.
        Since:
        3.9.0

      • thenCode

        public AbstractThrowableAssert<?,​? extends Throwable> thenCode​(ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable shouldRaiseOrNotThrowable)
        Deprecated.
        Allows to capture and then assert on a Throwable more easily when used with Java 8 lambdas.

        Example : 

         ThrowingCallable callable = () -> {
   throw new Exception("boom!");
 };

 // assertion succeeds
 thenCode(callable).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
                   .hasMessageContaining("boom");

 // assertion fails
 thenCode(callable).doesNotThrowAnyException();
        Contrary to thenThrownBy(ThrowingCallable) the test description provided with as(String, Object...) is always honored as shown below. 
         ThrowingCallable doNothing = () -> {
   // do nothing
 };

 // assertion fails and "display me" appears in the assertion error
 thenCode(doNothing).as("display me")
                    .isInstanceOf(Exception.class);

        This method was not named then because the java compiler reported it ambiguous when used directly with a lambda :(

        Parameters:
        shouldRaiseOrNotThrowable - The ThrowableAssert.ThrowingCallable or lambda with the code that should raise the throwable.
        Returns:
        The captured exception or null if none was raised by the callable.
        Since:
        3.7.0

      • then

        public static AbstractUriAssert<?> then​(URI actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of UriAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static AbstractUrlAssert<?> then​(URL actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of UrlAssert.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.

      • then

        public static <T extends AssertDelegateTarget> T then​(T assertion)
        Deprecated.
        Returns the given assertion. This method improves code readability by surrounding the given assertion with then.

        Consider for example the following MyButton and MyButtonAssert classes: 

         public class MyButton extends JButton {

   private boolean blinking;

   public boolean isBlinking() { return this.blinking; }

   public void setBlinking(boolean blink) { this.blinking = blink; }

 }

 private static class MyButtonAssert implements AssertDelegateTarget {

   private MyButton button;
   MyButtonAssert(MyButton button) { this.button = button; }

   void isBlinking() {
     // standard assertion from core Assertions.then
     then(button.isBlinking()).isTrue();
   }

   void isNotBlinking() {
     // standard assertion from core Assertions.then
     then(button.isBlinking()).isFalse();
   }
 }
        As MyButtonAssert implements AssertDelegateTarget, you can use then(buttonAssert).isBlinking(); instead of buttonAssert.isBlinking(); to have easier to read assertions: 
         @Test
 public void AssertDelegateTarget_example() {

   MyButton button = new MyButton();
   MyButtonAssert buttonAssert = new MyButtonAssert(button);

   // you can encapsulate MyButtonAssert assertions methods within then
   then(buttonAssert).isNotBlinking(); // same as : buttonAssert.isNotBlinking();

   button.setBlinking(true);

   then(buttonAssert).isBlinking(); // same as : buttonAssert.isBlinking();
 }
        Type Parameters:
        T - the generic type of the user-defined assert.
        Parameters:
        assertion - the assertion to return.
        Returns:
        the given assertion.

      • then

        public static <T> T then​(AssertProvider<T> component)
        Deprecated.
        Delegates the creation of the Assert to the AssertProvider.assertThat() of the given component.

        Read the comments on AssertProvider for an example of its usage.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the AssertProvider wrapped type.
        Parameters:
        component - the component that creates its own assert
        Returns:
        the associated Assert of the given component

      • thenObject

        public static <T> AbstractObjectAssert<?,​T> thenObject​(T actual)
        Deprecated.
        Creates a new instance of ObjectAssert for any object.

        This overload is useful, when an overloaded method of then(...) takes precedence over the generic then(Object). Example:

        Cast necessary because then(List) "forgets" actual type: 

        then(new LinkedList<>(asList("abc"))).matches(list -> ((Deque<String>) list).getFirst().equals("abc"));
        No cast needed, but also no additional list assertions: 
        thenObject(new LinkedList<>(asList("abc"))).matches(list -> list.getFirst().equals("abc"));
        Type Parameters:
        T - the type of the actual value.
        Parameters:
        actual - the actual value.
        Returns:
        the created assertion object.
        Since:
        3.12.0