MockSettings (Mockito 4.4.0 API)

All Superinterfaces:: Serializable

@NotExtensible
public interface MockSettings
extends Serializable

Allows mock creation with additional mock settings.

Don't use it too often. Consider writing simple tests that use simple mocks. Repeat after me: simple tests push simple, KISSy, readable and maintainable code. If you cannot write a test in a simple way - refactor the code under test.

Examples of mock settings:


   //Creates mock with different default answer and name
   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings()
                                .defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS)
                                .name("cool mockie")
                                );

   //Creates mock with different default answer, descriptive name and extra interfaces
   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings()
                                .defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS)
                                .name("cool mockie")
                                .extraInterfaces(Bar.class));

MockSettings has been introduced for two reasons. Firstly, to make it easy to add another mock setting when the demand comes. Secondly, to enable combining together different mock settings without introducing zillions of overloaded mock() methods.

Method Summary

All Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`<T> MockCreationSettings<T>`	`build(Class<T> typeToMock)` Creates immutable view of mock settings used later by Mockito.
`<T> MockCreationSettings<T>`	`buildStatic(Class<T> classToMock)` Creates immutable view of mock settings used later by Mockito, for use within a static mocking.
`MockSettings`	`defaultAnswer(Answer defaultAnswer)` Specifies default answers to interactions.
`MockSettings`	`extraInterfaces(Class<?>... interfaces)` Specifies extra interfaces the mock should implement.
`MockSettings`	`invocationListeners(InvocationListener... listeners)` Registers a listener for method invocations on this mock.
`MockSettings`	`lenient()` Lenient mocks bypass "strict stubbing" validation (see `Strictness.STRICT_STUBS`).
`MockSettings`	`name(String name)` Specifies mock name.
`MockSettings`	`outerInstance(Object outerClassInstance)` Makes it possible to mock non-static inner classes in conjunction with `useConstructor(Object...)`.
`MockSettings`	`serializable()` Configures the mock to be serializable.
`MockSettings`	`serializable(SerializableMode mode)` Configures the mock to be serializable with a specific serializable mode.
`MockSettings`	`spiedInstance(Object instance)` Specifies the instance to spy on.
`MockSettings`	`stubbingLookupListeners(StubbingLookupListener... listeners)` Add stubbing lookup listener to the mock object.
`MockSettings`	`stubOnly()` A stub-only mock does not record method invocations, thus saving memory but disallowing verification of invocations.
`MockSettings`	`useConstructor(Object... args)` Mockito attempts to use constructor when creating instance of the mock.
`MockSettings`	`verboseLogging()` Enables real-time logging of method invocations on this mock.
`MockSettings`	`verificationStartedListeners(VerificationStartedListener... listeners)` Registers a listener(s) that will be notified when user starts verification.
`MockSettings`	`withoutAnnotations()` By default, Mockito makes an attempt to preserve all annotation meta data on the mocked type and its methods to mirror the mocked type as closely as possible.

- Method Detail
  - extraInterfaces
```
MockSettings extraInterfaces(Class<?>... interfaces)
```
    Specifies extra interfaces the mock should implement. Might be useful for legacy code or some corner cases.
    This mysterious feature should be used very occasionally. The object under test should know exactly its collaborators and dependencies. If you happen to use it often than please make sure you are really producing simple, clean and readable code.
    Examples:
```
   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().extraInterfaces(Bar.class, Baz.class));

   //now, the mock implements extra interfaces, so following casting is possible:
   Bar bar = (Bar) foo;
   Baz baz = (Baz) foo;
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    interfaces - extra interfaces the should implement.
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - name
```
MockSettings name(String name)
```
    Specifies mock name. Naming mocks can be helpful for debugging - the name is used in all verification errors.
    Beware that naming mocks is not a solution for complex code which uses too many mocks or collaborators. If you have too many mocks then refactor the code so that it's easy to test/debug without necessity of naming mocks.
    If you use @Mock annotation then you've got naming mocks for free! @Mock uses field name as mock name. Read more.
    Examples:
```
   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().name("foo"));

   //Below does exactly the same:
   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, "foo");
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    name - the name of the mock, later used in all verification errors
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - spiedInstance
```
MockSettings spiedInstance(Object instance)
```
    Specifies the instance to spy on. Makes sense only for spies/partial mocks. Sets the instance that will be spied. Actually copies the internal fields of the passed instance to the mock.
    As usual you are going to read the partial mock warning: Object oriented programming is more or less about tackling complexity by dividing the complexity into separate, specific, SRPy objects. How does partial mock fit into this paradigm? Well, it just doesn't... Partial mock usually means that the complexity has been moved to a different method on the same object. In most cases, this is not the way you want to design your application.
    However, there are rare cases when partial mocks come handy: dealing with code you cannot change easily (3rd party interfaces, interim refactoring of legacy code etc.) However, I wouldn't use partial mocks for new, test-driven and well-designed code.
    Enough warnings about partial mocks, see an example how spiedInstance() works:
```
   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().spiedInstance(fooInstance));

   //Below does exactly the same:
   Foo foo = spy(fooInstance);
 
```
    About stubbing for a partial mock, as it is a spy it will always call the real method, unless you use the doReturn|Throw|Answer|CallRealMethod stubbing style. Example:
```
   List list = new LinkedList();
   List spy = spy(list);

   //Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty)
   when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn("foo");

   //You have to use doReturn() for stubbing
   doReturn("foo").when(spy).get(0);
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    instance - to spy on
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - defaultAnswer
```
MockSettings defaultAnswer(Answer defaultAnswer)
```
    Specifies default answers to interactions. It's quite advanced feature and typically you don't need it to write decent tests. However it can be helpful when working with legacy systems.
    It is the default answer so it will be used only when you don't stub the method call.
```
   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS));
   Foo mockTwo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(new YourOwnAnswer()));

   //Below does exactly the same:
   Foo mockTwo = mock(Foo.class, new YourOwnAnswer());
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    defaultAnswer - default answer to be used by mock when not stubbed
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - serializable
```
MockSettings serializable()
```
    Configures the mock to be serializable. With this feature you can use a mock in a place that requires dependencies to be serializable.
    WARNING: This should be rarely used in unit testing.
    The behaviour was implemented for a specific use case of a BDD spec that had an unreliable external dependency. This was in a web environment and the objects from the external dependency were being serialized to pass between layers.
    Example:
```
   List serializableMock = mock(List.class, withSettings().serializable());
 
```
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    1.8.1
  - serializable
```
MockSettings serializable(SerializableMode mode)
```
    Configures the mock to be serializable with a specific serializable mode. With this feature you can use a mock in a place that requires dependencies to be serializable.
    WARNING: This should be rarely used in unit testing.
    The behaviour was implemented for a specific use case of a BDD spec that had an unreliable external dependency. This was in a web environment and the objects from the external dependency were being serialized to pass between layers.
```
   List serializableMock = mock(List.class, withSettings().serializable(SerializableMode.ACROSS_CLASSLOADERS));
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    mode - serialization mode
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    1.10.0
  - verboseLogging
```
MockSettings verboseLogging()
```
    Enables real-time logging of method invocations on this mock. Can be used during test debugging in order to find wrong interactions with this mock.
    Invocations are logged as they happen to the standard output stream.
    Calling this method multiple times makes no difference.
    Example:
```
 List mockWithLogger = mock(List.class, withSettings().verboseLogging());
 
```
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - stubbingLookupListeners
```
MockSettings stubbingLookupListeners(StubbingLookupListener... listeners)
```
    Add stubbing lookup listener to the mock object. Multiple listeners may be added and they will be notified orderly. For use cases and more info see StubbingLookupListener. Example:
```
  List mockWithListener = mock(List.class, withSettings().stubbingLookupListeners(new YourStubbingLookupListener()));
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    listeners - The stubbing lookup listeners to add. May not be null.
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    2.24.6
  - invocationListeners
```
MockSettings invocationListeners(InvocationListener... listeners)
```
    Registers a listener for method invocations on this mock. The listener is notified every time a method on this mock is called.
    Multiple listeners may be added and they will be notified in the order they were supplied. Example:
```
  List mockWithListener = mock(List.class, withSettings().invocationListeners(new YourInvocationListener()));
 
```
    See the listener interface for more details.
    Parameters:
    
    listeners - The invocation listeners to add. May not be null.
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - verificationStartedListeners
```
MockSettings verificationStartedListeners(VerificationStartedListener... listeners)
```
    Registers a listener(s) that will be notified when user starts verification. See VerificationStartedListener on how such listener can be useful.
    When multiple listeners are added, they are notified in order they were supplied. There is no reason to supply multiple listeners but we wanted to keep the API simple and consistent with invocationListeners(InvocationListener...).
    Throws exception when any of the passed listeners is null or when the entire vararg array is null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    listeners - to be notified when user starts verification.
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    2.11.0
  - stubOnly
```
MockSettings stubOnly()
```
    A stub-only mock does not record method invocations, thus saving memory but disallowing verification of invocations.
    Example:
```
 List stubOnly = mock(List.class, withSettings().stubOnly());
 
```
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
  - useConstructor
```
MockSettings useConstructor(Object... args)
```
    Mockito attempts to use constructor when creating instance of the mock. This is particularly useful for spying on abstract classes. See also Mockito.spy(Class).
    Example:
```
 //Robust API, via settings builder:
 OtherAbstract spy = mock(OtherAbstract.class, withSettings()
   .useConstructor().defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));

 //Mocking an abstract class with constructor arguments
 SomeAbstract spy = mock(SomeAbstract.class, withSettings()
   .useConstructor("arg1", 123).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));

 //Mocking a non-static inner abstract class:
 InnerAbstract spy = mock(InnerAbstract.class, withSettings()
   .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    args - The arguments to pass to the constructor. Not passing any arguments means that a parameter-less constructor will be called
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    2.7.14 (useConstructor with no arguments was supported since 1.10.12)
  - outerInstance
```
MockSettings outerInstance(Object outerClassInstance)
```
    Makes it possible to mock non-static inner classes in conjunction with useConstructor(Object...).
    Example:
```
 InnerClass mock = mock(InnerClass.class, withSettings()
   .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
 
```
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    1.10.12
  - withoutAnnotations
```
MockSettings withoutAnnotations()
```
    By default, Mockito makes an attempt to preserve all annotation meta data on the mocked type and its methods to mirror the mocked type as closely as possible. If this is not desired, this option can be used to disable this behavior.
    
    Returns:
    
    settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
    
    Since:
    
    1.10.13
  - build
```
<T> MockCreationSettings<T> build(Class<T> typeToMock)
```
    Creates immutable view of mock settings used later by Mockito. Framework integrators can use this method to create instances of creation settings and use them in advanced use cases, for example to create invocations with InvocationFactory, or to implement custom MockHandler. Since MockCreationSettings is NotExtensible, Mockito public API needs a creation method for this type.
    
    Type Parameters:
    
    T - type to mock
    
    Parameters:
    
    typeToMock - class to mock
    
    Returns:
    
    immutable view of mock settings
    
    Since:
    
    2.10.0
  - buildStatic
```
<T> MockCreationSettings<T> buildStatic(Class<T> classToMock)
```
    Creates immutable view of mock settings used later by Mockito, for use within a static mocking. Framework integrators can use this method to create instances of creation settings and use them in advanced use cases, for example to create invocations with InvocationFactory, or to implement custom MockHandler. Since MockCreationSettings is NotExtensible, Mockito public API needs a creation method for this type.
    
    Type Parameters:
    
    T - type to mock
    
    Parameters:
    
    classToMock - class to mock
    
    Returns:
    
    immutable view of mock settings
    
    Since:
    
    2.10.0
  - lenient
```
MockSettings lenient()
```
    Lenient mocks bypass "strict stubbing" validation (see Strictness.STRICT_STUBS). When mock is declared as lenient none of its stubbings will be checked for potential stubbing problems such as 'unnecessary stubbing' (UnnecessaryStubbingException) or for 'stubbing argument mismatch' PotentialStubbingProblem.
```
   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings.lenient());
 
```
    For more information and an elaborate example, see Mockito.lenient().

Interface MockSettings

Method Summary

Method Detail

extraInterfaces

name

spiedInstance

defaultAnswer

serializable

serializable

verboseLogging

stubbingLookupListeners

invocationListeners

verificationStartedListeners

stubOnly

useConstructor

outerInstance

withoutAnnotations

build

buildStatic

lenient