PgConnection (PostgreSQL JDBC Driver - JDBC 4.1 42.2.11.jre7 API)

java.lang.Object
- org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection

All Implemented Interfaces:

AutoCloseable, Connection, Wrapper, BaseConnection, PGConnection
```
public class PgConnection
extends Object
implements BaseConnection
```

Nested Class Summary

Nested Classes
Modifier and Type Class and Description

class PgConnection.AbortCommand

Nested Classes
Modifier and Type	Class and Description
`class`	`PgConnection.AbortCommand`

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`protected int`	`defaultFetchSize` Default fetch size for statement.
`protected boolean`	`forcebinary`
`protected DatabaseMetaData`	`metadata`
`protected int`	`prepareThreshold`
`protected Map<String,Class<?>>`	`typemap` The current type mappings.

Fields inherited from interface java.sql.Connection
TRANSACTION_NONE, TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description

PgConnection(HostSpec[] hostSpecs, String user, String database, Properties info, String url)

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`PgConnection(HostSpec[] hostSpecs, String user, String database, Properties info, String url)`

Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`protected void`	`abort()`
`void`	`abort(Executor executor)` Terminates an open connection.
`void`	`addDataType(String type, Class<? extends PGobject> klass)` This allows client code to add a handler for one of org.postgresql's more unique data types.
`void`	`addDataType(String type, String name)` This allows client code to add a handler for one of org.postgresql's more unique data types.
`void`	`addTimerTask(TimerTask timerTask, long milliSeconds)` Schedule a TimerTask for later execution.
`void`	`addWarning(SQLWarning warn)` This adds a warning to the warning chain.
`boolean`	`binaryTransferSend(int oid)` Returns true if value for the given oid should be sent using binary transfer.
`void`	`cancelQuery()` Cancel the current query executing on this connection.
`protected void`	`checkClosed()`
`void`	`clearWarnings()` Clears all warnings reported for this `Connection` object.
`void`	`close()` Note: even though `Statement` is automatically closed when it is garbage collected, it is better to close it explicitly to lower resource consumption.
`void`	`commit()` Makes all changes made since the previous commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks currently held by this `Connection` object.
`Array`	`createArrayOf(String typeName, Object elements)` Creates an `Array` wrapping elements.
`Array`	`createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements)` Factory method for creating Array objects.
`Blob`	`createBlob()` Constructs an object that implements the `Blob` interface.
`Clob`	`createClob()` Constructs an object that implements the `Clob` interface.
`NClob`	`createNClob()` Constructs an object that implements the `NClob` interface.
`CachedQuery`	`createQuery(String sql, boolean escapeProcessing, boolean isParameterized, String... columnNames)`
`<T> T`	`createQueryObject(Class<T> ifc)`
`SQLXML`	`createSQLXML()` Constructs an object that implements the `SQLXML` interface.
`Statement`	`createStatement()` Creates a `Statement` object for sending SQL statements to the database.
`Statement`	`createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)` Creates a `Statement` object that will generate `ResultSet` objects with the given type and concurrency.
`Statement`	`createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)` Creates a `Statement` object that will generate `ResultSet` objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
`Struct`	`createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes)` Factory method for creating Struct objects.
`protected TypeInfo`	`createTypeInfo(BaseConnection conn, int unknownLength)`
`byte[]`	`encodeString(String str)` Encode a string using the database's client_encoding (usually UTF8, but can vary on older server versions).
`String`	`escapeIdentifier(String identifier)` Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier in an SQL statement string.
`String`	`escapeLiteral(String literal)` Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an SQL statement string.
`String`	`escapeString(String str)` Escapes a string for use as string-literal within an SQL command.
`ResultSet`	`execSQLQuery(String s)` Execute a SQL query that returns a single resultset.
`ResultSet`	`execSQLQuery(String s, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)`
`void`	`execSQLUpdate(String s)` Execute a SQL query that does not return results.
`protected void`	`finalize()` Overrides finalize().
`boolean`	`getAutoCommit()` Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this `Connection` object.
`AutoSave`	`getAutosave()` Connection configuration regarding automatic per-query savepoints.
`int`	`getBackendPID()` Return the process ID (PID) of the backend server process handling this connection.
`String`	`getCatalog()` Retrieves this `Connection` object's current catalog name.
`Properties`	`getClientInfo()` Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by the driver.
`String`	`getClientInfo(String name)` Returns the value of the client info property specified by name.
`CopyManager`	`getCopyAPI()` This returns the COPY API for the current connection.
`String`	`getCursorName()` getCursorName gets the cursor name.
`String`	`getDBVersionNumber()` Get server version number.
`int`	`getDefaultFetchSize()` Get the default fetch size for statements created from this connection.
`Encoding`	`getEncoding()`
`Fastpath`	`getFastpathAPI()` This returns the Fastpath API for the current connection.
`LruCache<FieldMetadata.Key,FieldMetadata>`	`getFieldMetadataCache()` Return metadata cache for given connection.
`boolean`	`getForceBinary()`
`boolean`	`getHideUnprivilegedObjects()`
`int`	`getHoldability()` Retrieves the current holdability of `ResultSet` objects created using this `Connection` object.
`protected String`	`getIsolationLevelName(int level)`
`LargeObjectManager`	`getLargeObjectAPI()` This returns the LargeObject API for the current connection.
`Logger`	`getLogger()`
`DatabaseMetaData`	`getMetaData()` Retrieves a `DatabaseMetaData` object that contains metadata about the database to which this `Connection` object represents a connection.
`int`	`getNetworkTimeout()` Retrieves the number of milliseconds the driver will wait for a database request to complete.
`PGNotification[]`	`getNotifications()` This method returns any notifications that have been received since the last call to this method.
`PGNotification[]`	`getNotifications(int timeoutMillis)` This method returns any notifications that have been received since the last call to this method.
`Object`	`getObject(String type, String value, byte[] byteValue)` Construct and return an appropriate object for the given type and value.
`String`	`getParameterStatus(String parameterName)` Shorthand for getParameterStatuses().get(...) .
`Map<String,String>`	`getParameterStatuses()` Returns the current values of all parameters reported by the server.
`PreferQueryMode`	`getPreferQueryMode()` Returns the query mode for this connection.
`int`	`getPrepareThreshold()` Get the default server-side prepare reuse threshold for statements created from this connection.
`int`	`getProtocolVersion()`
`QueryExecutor`	`getQueryExecutor()` Get the QueryExecutor implementation for this connection.
`PGReplicationConnection`	`getReplicationAPI()`
`ReplicationProtocol`	`getReplicationProtocol()` Internal protocol for work with physical and logical replication.
`String`	`getSchema()` Retrieves this `Connection` object's current schema name.
`int`	`getServerMajorVersion()` Get server major version.
`int`	`getServerMinorVersion()` Get server minor version.
`boolean`	`getStandardConformingStrings()` Returns whether the server treats string-literals according to the SQL standard or if it uses traditional PostgreSQL escaping rules.
`boolean`	`getStringVarcharFlag()`
`TimestampUtils`	`getTimestampUtils()`
`int`	`getTransactionIsolation()` Retrieves this `Connection` object's current transaction isolation level.
`TransactionState`	`getTransactionState()` Get the current transaction state of this connection.
`TypeInfo`	`getTypeInfo()`
`Map<String,Class<?>>`	`getTypeMap()` Retrieves the `Map` object associated with this `Connection` object.
`String`	`getURL()` We are required to bring back certain information by the DatabaseMetaData class.
`String`	`getUserName()` Method getUserName() brings back the User Name (again, we saved it).
`SQLWarning`	`getWarnings()` Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this `Connection` object.
`boolean`	`haveMinimumServerVersion(int ver)` Check if we have at least a particular server version.
`boolean`	`haveMinimumServerVersion(Version ver)` Check if we have at least a particular server version.
`boolean`	`hintReadOnly()` Indicates if statements to backend should be hinted as read only.
`boolean`	`isClosed()` Retrieves whether this `Connection` object has been closed.
`boolean`	`isColumnSanitiserDisabled()` Return whether to disable column name sanitation.
`boolean`	`isReadOnly()` Retrieves whether this `Connection` object is in read-only mode.
`boolean`	`isValid(int timeout)` Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid.
`boolean`	`isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface)` Returns true if this either implements the interface argument or is directly or indirectly a wrapper for an object that does.
`protected Array`	`makeArray(int oid, String fieldString)`
`protected Blob`	`makeBlob(long oid)`
`protected Clob`	`makeClob(long oid)`
`protected SQLXML`	`makeSQLXML()`
`String`	`nativeSQL(String sql)` Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar.
`CallableStatement`	`prepareCall(String sql)` Creates a `CallableStatement` object for calling database stored procedures.
`CallableStatement`	`prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)` Creates a `CallableStatement` object that will generate `ResultSet` objects with the given type and concurrency.
`CallableStatement`	`prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)` Creates a `CallableStatement` object that will generate `ResultSet` objects with the given type and concurrency.
`PreparedStatement`	`prepareStatement(String sql)` Creates a `PreparedStatement` object for sending parameterized SQL statements to the database.
`PreparedStatement`	`prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)` Creates a default `PreparedStatement` object that has the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys.
`PreparedStatement`	`prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes)` Creates a default `PreparedStatement` object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
`PreparedStatement`	`prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)` Creates a `PreparedStatement` object that will generate `ResultSet` objects with the given type and concurrency.
`PreparedStatement`	`prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)` Creates a `PreparedStatement` object that will generate `ResultSet` objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
`PreparedStatement`	`prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames)` Creates a default `PreparedStatement` object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
`void`	`purgeTimerTasks()` Invoke purge() on the underlying shared Timer so that internal resources will be released.
`void`	`releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint)` Removes the specified `Savepoint` and subsequent `Savepoint` objects from the current transaction.
`void`	`rollback()` Undoes all changes made in the current transaction and releases any database locks currently held by this `Connection` object.
`void`	`rollback(Savepoint savepoint)` Undoes all changes made after the given `Savepoint` object was set.
`void`	`setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit)` Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state.
`void`	`setAutosave(AutoSave autoSave)` Configures if connection should use automatic savepoints.
`void`	`setCatalog(String catalog)` Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this `Connection` object's database in which to work.
`void`	`setClientInfo(Properties properties)` Sets the value of the connection's client info properties.
`void`	`setClientInfo(String name, String value)` Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the value specified by value.
`void`	`setCursorName(String cursor)` In SQL, a result table can be retrieved through a cursor that is named.
`void`	`setDefaultFetchSize(int fetchSize)` Set the default fetch size for statements created from this connection.
`void`	`setDisableColumnSanitiser(boolean disableColumnSanitiser)`
`void`	`setFlushCacheOnDeallocate(boolean flushCacheOnDeallocate)` By default, the connection resets statement cache in case deallocate all/discard all message is observed.
`void`	`setForceBinary(boolean newValue)`
`void`	`setHoldability(int holdability)` Changes the default holdability of `ResultSet` objects created using this `Connection` object to the given holdability.
`void`	`setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds)` Sets the maximum period a `Connection` or objects created from the `Connection` will wait for the database to reply to any one request.
`void`	`setPrepareThreshold(int newThreshold)` Set the default statement reuse threshold before enabling server-side prepare.
`void`	`setReadOnly(boolean readOnly)` Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable database optimizations.
`Savepoint`	`setSavepoint()` Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new `Savepoint` object that represents it.
`Savepoint`	`setSavepoint(String name)` Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new `Savepoint` object that represents it.
`void`	`setSchema(String schema)` Sets the given schema name to access.
`void`	`setTransactionIsolation(int level)` Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this `Connection` object to the one given.
`void`	`setTypeMap(Map<String,Class<?>> map)` Installs the given `TypeMap` object as the type map for this `Connection` object.
`void`	`setTypeMapImpl(Map<String,Class<?>> map)`
`<T> T`	`unwrap(Class<T> iface)` Returns an object that implements the given interface to allow access to non-standard methods, or standard methods not exposed by the proxy.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - prepareThreshold
```
protected int prepareThreshold
```
  - defaultFetchSize
```
protected int defaultFetchSize
```
    Default fetch size for statement.
    
    See Also:
    PGProperty.DEFAULT_ROW_FETCH_SIZE
  - forcebinary
```
protected boolean forcebinary
```
  - typemap
```
protected Map<String,Class<?>> typemap
```
    The current type mappings.
  - metadata
```
protected DatabaseMetaData metadata
```
- Constructor Detail
  - PgConnection
```
public PgConnection(HostSpec[] hostSpecs,
            String user,
            String database,
            Properties info,
            String url)
             throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
- Method Detail
  - createQuery
```
public CachedQuery createQuery(String sql,
                      boolean escapeProcessing,
                      boolean isParameterized,
                      String... columnNames)
                        throws SQLException
```
    Specified by:
    
    createQuery in interface BaseConnection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - setFlushCacheOnDeallocate
```
public void setFlushCacheOnDeallocate(boolean flushCacheOnDeallocate)
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    By default, the connection resets statement cache in case deallocate all/discard all message is observed. This API allows to disable that feature for testing purposes.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setFlushCacheOnDeallocate in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    flushCacheOnDeallocate - true if statement cache should be reset when "deallocate/discard" message observed
  - getTimestampUtils
```
public TimestampUtils getTimestampUtils()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getTimestampUtils in interface BaseConnection
  - createStatement
```
public Statement createStatement()
                          throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements to the database. SQL statements without parameters are normally executed using Statement objects. If the same SQL statement is executed many times, it may be more efficient to use a PreparedStatement object.
    Result sets created using the returned Statement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    createStatement in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    a new default Statement object
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - prepareStatement
```
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
                                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a PreparedStatement object for sending parameterized SQL statements to the database.
    A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.
    Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLException objects.
    Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
    
    Returns:
    a new default PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - prepareCall
```
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql)
                              throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a CallableStatement object for calling database stored procedures. The CallableStatement object provides methods for setting up its IN and OUT parameters, and methods for executing the call to a stored procedure.
    Note: This method is optimized for handling stored procedure call statements. Some drivers may send the call statement to the database when the method prepareCall is done; others may wait until the CallableStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which method throws certain SQLExceptions.
    Result sets created using the returned CallableStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareCall in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders. Typically this statement is specified using JDBC call escape syntax.
    
    Returns:
    a new default CallableStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - getTypeMap
```
public Map<String,Class<?>> getTypeMap()
                                throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    Retrieves the Map object associated with this Connection object. Unless the application has added an entry, the type map returned will be empty.
    You must invoke setTypeMap after making changes to the Map object returned from getTypeMap as a JDBC driver may create an internal copy of the Map object passed to setTypeMap:
```
      Map<String,Class<?>> myMap = con.getTypeMap();
      myMap.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Athletes.class);
      con.setTypeMap(myMap);
 
```
    Specified by:
    
    getTypeMap in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the java.util.Map object associated with this Connection object
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    Connection.setTypeMap(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Class<?>>)
  - getQueryExecutor
```
public QueryExecutor getQueryExecutor()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Get the QueryExecutor implementation for this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getQueryExecutor in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    the (non-null) executor
  - getReplicationProtocol
```
public ReplicationProtocol getReplicationProtocol()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Internal protocol for work with physical and logical replication. Physical replication available only since PostgreSQL version 9.1. Logical replication available only since PostgreSQL version 9.4.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getReplicationProtocol in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    not null replication protocol
  - addWarning
```
public void addWarning(SQLWarning warn)
```
    This adds a warning to the warning chain.
    
    Parameters:
    warn - warning to add
  - execSQLQuery
```
public ResultSet execSQLQuery(String s)
                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Execute a SQL query that returns a single resultset. Never causes a new transaction to be started regardless of the autocommit setting.
    
    Specified by:
    
    execSQLQuery in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    s - the query to execute
    
    Returns:
    the (non-null) returned resultset
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong.
  - execSQLQuery
```
public ResultSet execSQLQuery(String s,
                     int resultSetType,
                     int resultSetConcurrency)
                       throws SQLException
```
    Specified by:
    
    execSQLQuery in interface BaseConnection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - execSQLUpdate
```
public void execSQLUpdate(String s)
                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Execute a SQL query that does not return results. Never causes a new transaction to be started regardless of the autocommit setting.
    
    Specified by:
    
    execSQLUpdate in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    s - the query to execute
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong.
  - setCursorName
```
public void setCursorName(String cursor)
                   throws SQLException
```
    In SQL, a result table can be retrieved through a cursor that is named. The current row of a result can be updated or deleted using a positioned update/delete statement that references the cursor name.
    
    We do not support positioned update/delete, so this is a no-op.
    
    Parameters:
    cursor - the cursor name
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs
  - getCursorName
```
public String getCursorName()
                     throws SQLException
```
    getCursorName gets the cursor name.
    
    Returns:
    the current cursor name
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs
  - getURL
```
public String getURL()
              throws SQLException
```
    We are required to bring back certain information by the DatabaseMetaData class. These functions do that.
    
    Method getURL() brings back the URL (good job we saved it)
    
    Returns:
    the url
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - just in case...
  - getUserName
```
public String getUserName()
                   throws SQLException
```
    Method getUserName() brings back the User Name (again, we saved it).
    
    Returns:
    the user name
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - just in case...
  - getFastpathAPI
```
public Fastpath getFastpathAPI()
                        throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    This returns the Fastpath API for the current connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getFastpathAPI in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    Fastpath API for the current connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something wrong happens
  - getLargeObjectAPI
```
public LargeObjectManager getLargeObjectAPI()
                                     throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    This returns the LargeObject API for the current connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getLargeObjectAPI in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    LargeObject API for the current connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something wrong happens
  - getObject
```
public Object getObject(String type,
               String value,
               byte[] byteValue)
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Construct and return an appropriate object for the given type and value. This only considers the types registered via PGConnection.addDataType(String, Class) and PGConnection.addDataType(String, String).
    
    If no class is registered as handling the given type, then a generic PGobject instance is returned.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getObject in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    type - the backend typename
    value - the type-specific string representation of the value
    byteValue - the type-specific binary representation of the value
    
    Returns:
    an appropriate object; never null.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong
  - createTypeInfo
```
protected TypeInfo createTypeInfo(BaseConnection conn,
                      int unknownLength)
```
  - getTypeInfo
```
public TypeInfo getTypeInfo()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getTypeInfo in interface BaseConnection
  - addDataType
```
public void addDataType(String type,
               String name)
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    This allows client code to add a handler for one of org.postgresql's more unique data types. It is approximately equivalent to addDataType(type, Class.forName(name)).
    
    Specified by:
    
    addDataType in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    type - JDBC type name
    name - class name
  - addDataType
```
public void addDataType(String type,
               Class<? extends PGobject> klass)
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    This allows client code to add a handler for one of org.postgresql's more unique data types.
    
    NOTE: This is not part of JDBC, but an extension.
    
    The best way to use this is as follows:
```
 ...
 ((org.postgresql.PGConnection)myconn).addDataType("mytype", my.class.name.class);
 ...
 
```
    where myconn is an open Connection to org.postgresql.
    
    The handling class must extend org.postgresql.util.PGobject
    Specified by:
    
    addDataType in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    type - the PostgreSQL type to register
    klass - the class implementing the Java representation of the type; this class must implement PGobject).
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if klass does not implement PGobject).
    See Also:
    PGobject
  - close
```
public void close()
           throws SQLException
```
    Note: even though Statement is automatically closed when it is garbage collected, it is better to close it explicitly to lower resource consumption. Releases this Connection object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released.
    Calling the method close on a Connection object that is already closed is a no-op.
    It is strongly recommended that an application explicitly commits or rolls back an active transaction prior to calling the close method. If the close method is called and there is an active transaction, the results are implementation-defined.
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in interface AutoCloseable
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in interface Connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - SQLException if a database access error occurs
  - nativeSQL
```
public String nativeSQL(String sql)
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar. A driver may convert the JDBC SQL grammar into its system's native SQL grammar prior to sending it. This method returns the native form of the statement that the driver would have sent.
    
    Specified by:
    
    nativeSQL in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders
    
    Returns:
    the native form of this statement
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - getWarnings
```
public SQLWarning getWarnings()
                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this Connection object. If there is more than one warning, subsequent warnings will be chained to the first one and can be retrieved by calling the method SQLWarning.getNextWarning on the warning that was retrieved previously.
    This method may not be called on a closed connection; doing so will cause an SQLException to be thrown.
    Note: Subsequent warnings will be chained to this SQLWarning.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getWarnings in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the first SQLWarning object or null if there are none
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    SQLWarning
  - clearWarnings
```
public void clearWarnings()
                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Clears all warnings reported for this Connection object. After a call to this method, the method getWarnings returns null until a new warning is reported for this Connection object.
    
    Specified by:
    
    clearWarnings in interface Connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - setReadOnly
```
public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly)
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable database optimizations.
    Note: This method cannot be called during a transaction.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setReadOnly in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    readOnly - true enables read-only mode; false disables it
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or this method is called during a transaction
  - isReadOnly
```
public boolean isReadOnly()
                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves whether this Connection object is in read-only mode.
    
    Specified by:
    
    isReadOnly in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    true if this Connection object is read-only; false otherwise
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - hintReadOnly
```
public boolean hintReadOnly()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Indicates if statements to backend should be hinted as read only.
    
    Specified by:
    
    hintReadOnly in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    Indication if hints to backend (such as when transaction begins) should be read only.
    See Also:
    PGProperty.READ_ONLY_MODE
  - setAutoCommit
```
public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit)
                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state. If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL statements will be executed and committed as individual transactions. Otherwise, its SQL statements are grouped into transactions that are terminated by a call to either the method commit or the method rollback. By default, new connections are in auto-commit mode.
    The commit occurs when the statement completes. The time when the statement completes depends on the type of SQL Statement:
    - For DML statements, such as Insert, Update or Delete, and DDL statements, the statement is complete as soon as it has finished executing.
    - For Select statements, the statement is complete when the associated result set is closed.
    - For CallableStatement objects or for statements that return multiple results, the statement is complete when all of the associated result sets have been closed, and all update counts and output parameters have been retrieved.
    NOTE: If this method is called during a transaction and the auto-commit mode is changed, the transaction is committed. If setAutoCommit is called and the auto-commit mode is not changed, the call is a no-op.
    Specified by:
    
    setAutoCommit in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    autoCommit - true to enable auto-commit mode; false to disable it
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, setAutoCommit(true) is called while participating in a distributed transaction, or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.getAutoCommit()
  - getAutoCommit
```
public boolean getAutoCommit()
                      throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this Connection object.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getAutoCommit in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the current state of this Connection object's auto-commit mode
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.setAutoCommit(boolean)
  - commit
```
public void commit()
            throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Makes all changes made since the previous commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object. This method should be used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.
    
    Specified by:
    
    commit in interface Connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, if this method is called on a closed connection or this Connection object is in auto-commit mode
    See Also:
    Connection.setAutoCommit(boolean)
  - checkClosed
```
protected void checkClosed()
                    throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - rollback
```
public void rollback()
              throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Undoes all changes made in the current transaction and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object. This method should be used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.
    
    Specified by:
    
    rollback in interface Connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection or this Connection object is in auto-commit mode
    See Also:
    Connection.setAutoCommit(boolean)
  - getTransactionState
```
public TransactionState getTransactionState()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Get the current transaction state of this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getTransactionState in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    current transaction state of this connection
  - getTransactionIsolation
```
public int getTransactionIsolation()
                            throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves this Connection object's current transaction isolation level.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getTransactionIsolation in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the current transaction isolation level, which will be one of the following constants: Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE, or Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.setTransactionIsolation(int)
  - setTransactionIsolation
```
public void setTransactionIsolation(int level)
                             throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this Connection object to the one given. The constants defined in the interface Connection are the possible transaction isolation levels.
    Note: If this method is called during a transaction, the result is implementation-defined.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setTransactionIsolation in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    level - one of the following Connection constants: Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, or Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE. (Note that Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE cannot be used because it specifies that transactions are not supported.)
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameter is not one of the Connection constants
    See Also:
    DatabaseMetaData.supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int), Connection.getTransactionIsolation()
  - getIsolationLevelName
```
protected String getIsolationLevelName(int level)
```
  - setCatalog
```
public void setCatalog(String catalog)
                throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this Connection object's database in which to work.
    If the driver does not support catalogs, it will silently ignore this request.
    Calling setCatalog has no effect on previously created or prepared Statement objects. It is implementation defined whether a DBMS prepare operation takes place immediately when the Connection method prepareStatement or prepareCall is invoked. For maximum portability, setCatalog should be called before a Statement is created or prepared.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setCatalog in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    catalog - the name of a catalog (subspace in this Connection object's database) in which to work
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.getCatalog()
  - getCatalog
```
public String getCatalog()
                  throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves this Connection object's current catalog name.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getCatalog in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the current catalog name or null if there is none
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.setCatalog(java.lang.String)
  - getHideUnprivilegedObjects
```
public boolean getHideUnprivilegedObjects()
```
  - finalize
```
protected void finalize()
                 throws Throwable
```
    Overrides finalize(). If called, it closes the connection.
    
    This was done at the request of Rachel Greenham who hit a problem where multiple clients didn't close the connection, and once a fortnight enough clients were open to kill the postgres server.
    
    Overrides:
    
    finalize in class Object
    
    Throws:
    
    Throwable
  - getDBVersionNumber
```
public String getDBVersionNumber()
```
    Get server version number.
    
    Returns:
    server version number
  - getServerMajorVersion
```
public int getServerMajorVersion()
```
    Get server major version.
    
    Returns:
    server major version
  - getServerMinorVersion
```
public int getServerMinorVersion()
```
    Get server minor version.
    
    Returns:
    server minor version
  - haveMinimumServerVersion
```
public boolean haveMinimumServerVersion(int ver)
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Check if we have at least a particular server version.
    
    The input version is of the form xxyyzz, matching a PostgreSQL version like xx.yy.zz. So 9.0.12 is 90012.
    
    Specified by:
    
    haveMinimumServerVersion in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    ver - the server version to check, of the form xxyyzz eg 90401
    
    Returns:
    true if the server version is at least "ver".
  - haveMinimumServerVersion
```
public boolean haveMinimumServerVersion(Version ver)
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Check if we have at least a particular server version.
    
    The input version is of the form xxyyzz, matching a PostgreSQL version like xx.yy.zz. So 9.0.12 is 90012.
    
    Specified by:
    
    haveMinimumServerVersion in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    ver - the server version to check
    
    Returns:
    true if the server version is at least "ver".
  - getEncoding
```
public Encoding getEncoding()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getEncoding in interface BaseConnection
  - encodeString
```
public byte[] encodeString(String str)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Encode a string using the database's client_encoding (usually UTF8, but can vary on older server versions). This is used when constructing synthetic resultsets (for example, in metadata methods).
    
    Specified by:
    
    encodeString in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    str - the string to encode
    
    Returns:
    an encoded representation of the string
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong.
  - escapeString
```
public String escapeString(String str)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Escapes a string for use as string-literal within an SQL command. The method chooses the applicable escaping rules based on the value of BaseConnection.getStandardConformingStrings().
    
    Specified by:
    
    escapeString in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    str - a string value
    
    Returns:
    the escaped representation of the string
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if the string contains a \0 character
  - getStandardConformingStrings
```
public boolean getStandardConformingStrings()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Returns whether the server treats string-literals according to the SQL standard or if it uses traditional PostgreSQL escaping rules. Versions up to 8.1 always treated backslashes as escape characters in string-literals. Since 8.2, this depends on the value of the standard_conforming_strings server variable.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getStandardConformingStrings in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    true if the server treats string literals according to the SQL standard
    See Also:
    QueryExecutor.getStandardConformingStrings()
  - isClosed
```
public boolean isClosed()
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves whether this Connection object has been closed. A connection is closed if the method close has been called on it or if certain fatal errors have occurred. This method is guaranteed to return true only when it is called after the method Connection.close has been called.
    This method generally cannot be called to determine whether a connection to a database is valid or invalid. A typical client can determine that a connection is invalid by catching any exceptions that might be thrown when an operation is attempted.
    
    Specified by:
    
    isClosed in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    true if this Connection object is closed; false if it is still open
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs
  - cancelQuery
```
public void cancelQuery()
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Cancel the current query executing on this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    cancelQuery in interface BaseConnection
    
    Specified by:
    
    cancelQuery in interface PGConnection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong.
  - getNotifications
```
public PGNotification[] getNotifications()
                                  throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    This method returns any notifications that have been received since the last call to this method. Returns null if there have been no notifications.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getNotifications in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    notifications that have been received
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something wrong happens
  - getNotifications
```
public PGNotification[] getNotifications(int timeoutMillis)
                                  throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    This method returns any notifications that have been received since the last call to this method. Returns null if there have been no notifications. A timeout can be specified so the driver waits for notifications.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getNotifications in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    timeoutMillis - when 0, blocks forever. when > 0, blocks up to the specified number of millies or until at least one notification has been received. If more than one notification is about to be received, these will be returned in one batch.
    
    Returns:
    notifications that have been received
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something wrong happens
  - getPrepareThreshold
```
public int getPrepareThreshold()
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Get the default server-side prepare reuse threshold for statements created from this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getPrepareThreshold in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    the current threshold
  - setDefaultFetchSize
```
public void setDefaultFetchSize(int fetchSize)
                         throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Set the default fetch size for statements created from this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setDefaultFetchSize in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    fetchSize - new default fetch size
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if specified negative fetchSize parameter
    See Also:
    Statement.setFetchSize(int)
  - getDefaultFetchSize
```
public int getDefaultFetchSize()
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Get the default fetch size for statements created from this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getDefaultFetchSize in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    current state for default fetch size
    See Also:
    PGProperty.DEFAULT_ROW_FETCH_SIZE, Statement.getFetchSize()
  - setPrepareThreshold
```
public void setPrepareThreshold(int newThreshold)
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Set the default statement reuse threshold before enabling server-side prepare. See PGStatement.setPrepareThreshold(int) for details.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setPrepareThreshold in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    newThreshold - the new threshold
  - getForceBinary
```
public boolean getForceBinary()
```
  - setForceBinary
```
public void setForceBinary(boolean newValue)
```
  - setTypeMapImpl
```
public void setTypeMapImpl(Map<String,Class<?>> map)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - getLogger
```
public Logger getLogger()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getLogger in interface BaseConnection
  - getProtocolVersion
```
public int getProtocolVersion()
```
  - getStringVarcharFlag
```
public boolean getStringVarcharFlag()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getStringVarcharFlag in interface BaseConnection
  - getCopyAPI
```
public CopyManager getCopyAPI()
                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    This returns the COPY API for the current connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getCopyAPI in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    COPY API for the current connection
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something wrong happens
  - binaryTransferSend
```
public boolean binaryTransferSend(int oid)
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Returns true if value for the given oid should be sent using binary transfer. False if value should be sent using text transfer.
    
    Specified by:
    
    binaryTransferSend in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    oid - The oid to check.
    
    Returns:
    True for binary transfer, false for text transfer.
  - getBackendPID
```
public int getBackendPID()
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Return the process ID (PID) of the backend server process handling this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getBackendPID in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    PID of backend server process.
  - isColumnSanitiserDisabled
```
public boolean isColumnSanitiserDisabled()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Return whether to disable column name sanitation.
    
    Specified by:
    
    isColumnSanitiserDisabled in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    true column sanitizer is disabled
  - setDisableColumnSanitiser
```
public void setDisableColumnSanitiser(boolean disableColumnSanitiser)
```
  - getPreferQueryMode
```
public PreferQueryMode getPreferQueryMode()
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Returns the query mode for this connection.
    
    When running in simple query mode, certain features are not available: callable statements, partial result set fetch, bytea type, etc.
    
    The list of supported features is subject to change.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getPreferQueryMode in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    the preferred query mode
    See Also:
    PreferQueryMode
  - getAutosave
```
public AutoSave getAutosave()
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Connection configuration regarding automatic per-query savepoints.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getAutosave in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    connection configuration regarding automatic per-query savepoints
    See Also:
    PGProperty.AUTOSAVE
  - setAutosave
```
public void setAutosave(AutoSave autoSave)
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Configures if connection should use automatic savepoints.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setAutosave in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    autoSave - connection configuration regarding automatic per-query savepoints
    See Also:
    PGProperty.AUTOSAVE
  - abort
```
protected void abort()
```
  - addTimerTask
```
public void addTimerTask(TimerTask timerTask,
                long milliSeconds)
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Schedule a TimerTask for later execution. The task will be scheduled with the shared Timer for this connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    addTimerTask in interface BaseConnection
    
    Parameters:
    timerTask - timer task to schedule
    milliSeconds - delay in milliseconds
  - purgeTimerTasks
```
public void purgeTimerTasks()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Invoke purge() on the underlying shared Timer so that internal resources will be released.
    
    Specified by:
    
    purgeTimerTasks in interface BaseConnection
  - escapeIdentifier
```
public String escapeIdentifier(String identifier)
                        throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier in an SQL statement string. Quotes are added only if necessary (i.e., if the string contains non-identifier characters or would be case-folded). Embedded quotes are properly doubled.
    
    Specified by:
    
    escapeIdentifier in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    identifier - input identifier
    
    Returns:
    the escaped identifier
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong
  - escapeLiteral
```
public String escapeLiteral(String literal)
                     throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an SQL statement string. Embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. Note that quote_literal returns null on null input.
    
    Specified by:
    
    escapeLiteral in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    literal - input literal
    
    Returns:
    the quoted literal
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if something goes wrong
  - getFieldMetadataCache
```
public LruCache<FieldMetadata.Key,FieldMetadata> getFieldMetadataCache()
```
    Description copied from interface: BaseConnection
    
    Return metadata cache for given connection.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getFieldMetadataCache in interface BaseConnection
    
    Returns:
    metadata cache
  - getReplicationAPI
```
public PGReplicationConnection getReplicationAPI()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getReplicationAPI in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    replication API for the current connection
  - createStatement
```
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType,
                        int resultSetConcurrency,
                        int resultSetHoldability)
                          throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability. This method is the same as the createStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    resultSetType - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
    resultSetConcurrency - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
    resultSetHoldability - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
    
    Returns:
    a new Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
    See Also:
    ResultSet
  - prepareStatement
```
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql,
                                 int resultSetType,
                                 int resultSetConcurrency,
                                 int resultSetHoldability)
                                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
    This method is the same as the prepareStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN parameters
    resultSetType - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
    resultSetConcurrency - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
    resultSetHoldability - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
    
    Returns:
    a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
    See Also:
    ResultSet
  - prepareCall
```
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql,
                            int resultSetType,
                            int resultSetConcurrency,
                            int resultSetHoldability)
                              throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareCall method above, but it allows the default result set type, result set concurrency type and holdability to be overridden.
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareCall in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters
    resultSetType - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
    resultSetConcurrency - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
    resultSetHoldability - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
    
    Returns:
    a new CallableStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
    See Also:
    ResultSet
  - getMetaData
```
public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData()
                             throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves a DatabaseMetaData object that contains metadata about the database to which this Connection object represents a connection. The metadata includes information about the database's tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getMetaData in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    a DatabaseMetaData object for this Connection object
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
  - setTypeMap
```
public void setTypeMap(Map<String,Class<?>> map)
                throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    Installs the given TypeMap object as the type map for this Connection object. The type map will be used for the custom mapping of SQL structured types and distinct types.
    You must set the the values for the TypeMap prior to callng setMap as a JDBC driver may create an internal copy of the TypeMap:
```
      Map myMap<String,Class<?>> = new HashMap<String,Class<?>>();
      myMap.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Athletes.class);
      con.setTypeMap(myMap);
 
```
    Specified by:
    
    setTypeMap in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    map - the java.util.Map object to install as the replacement for this Connection object's default type map
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameter is not a java.util.Map object
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    Connection.getTypeMap()
  - makeArray
```
protected Array makeArray(int oid,
              String fieldString)
                   throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - makeBlob
```
protected Blob makeBlob(long oid)
                 throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - makeClob
```
protected Clob makeClob(long oid)
                 throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - makeSQLXML
```
protected SQLXML makeSQLXML()
                     throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - createClob
```
public Clob createClob()
                throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Constructs an object that implements the Clob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream, setCharacterStream and setString methods of the Clob interface may be used to add data to the Clob.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createClob in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    An object that implements the Clob interface
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if an object that implements the Clob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  - createBlob
```
public Blob createBlob()
                throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Constructs an object that implements the Blob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setBinaryStream and setBytes methods of the Blob interface may be used to add data to the Blob.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createBlob in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    An object that implements the Blob interface
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if an object that implements the Blob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  - createNClob
```
public NClob createNClob()
                  throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Constructs an object that implements the NClob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream, setCharacterStream and setString methods of the NClob interface may be used to add data to the NClob.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createNClob in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    An object that implements the NClob interface
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if an object that implements the NClob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  - createSQLXML
```
public SQLXML createSQLXML()
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Constructs an object that implements the SQLXML interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The createXmlStreamWriter object and setString method of the SQLXML interface may be used to add data to the SQLXML object.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createSQLXML in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    An object that implements the SQLXML interface
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if an object that implements the SQLXML interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  - createStruct
```
public Struct createStruct(String typeName,
                  Object[] attributes)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Factory method for creating Struct objects.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createStruct in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    typeName - the SQL type name of the SQL structured type that this Struct object maps to. The typeName is the name of a user-defined type that has been defined for this database. It is the value returned by Struct.getSQLTypeName.
    attributes - the attributes that populate the returned object
    
    Returns:
    a Struct object that maps to the given SQL type and is populated with the given attributes
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database error occurs, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  - createArrayOf
```
public Array createArrayOf(String typeName,
                  Object elements)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Creates an Array wrapping elements. This is similar to Connection.createArrayOf(String, Object[]), but also provides support for primitive arrays.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createArrayOf in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    typeName - The SQL name of the type to map the elements to. Must not be null.
    elements - The array of objects to map. A null value will result in an Array representing null.
    
    Returns:
    An Array wrapping elements.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - If for some reason the array cannot be created.
    See Also:
    Connection.createArrayOf(String, Object[])
  - createArrayOf
```
public Array createArrayOf(String typeName,
                  Object[] elements)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Factory method for creating Array objects.
    Note: When createArrayOf is used to create an array object that maps to a primitive data type, then it is implementation-defined whether the Array object is an array of that primitive data type or an array of Object.
    Note: The JDBC driver is responsible for mapping the elements Object array to the default JDBC SQL type defined in java.sql.Types for the given class of Object. The default mapping is specified in Appendix B of the JDBC specification. If the resulting JDBC type is not the appropriate type for the given typeName then it is implementation defined whether an SQLException is thrown or the driver supports the resulting conversion.
    
    Specified by:
    
    createArrayOf in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    typeName - the SQL name of the type the elements of the array map to. The typeName is a database-specific name which may be the name of a built-in type, a user-defined type or a standard SQL type supported by this database. This is the value returned by Array.getBaseTypeName
    elements - the elements that populate the returned object
    
    Returns:
    an Array object whose elements map to the specified SQL type
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database error occurs, the JDBC type is not appropriate for the typeName and the conversion is not supported, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  - isValid
```
public boolean isValid(int timeout)
                throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid. The driver shall submit a query on the connection or use some other mechanism that positively verifies the connection is still valid when this method is called.
    The query submitted by the driver to validate the connection shall be executed in the context of the current transaction.
    
    Specified by:
    
    isValid in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    timeout - - The time in seconds to wait for the database operation used to validate the connection to complete. If the timeout period expires before the operation completes, this method returns false. A value of 0 indicates a timeout is not applied to the database operation.
    
    Returns:
    true if the connection is valid, false otherwise
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if the value supplied for timeout is less then 0
    See Also:
    DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties()
  - setClientInfo
```
public void setClientInfo(String name,
                 String value)
                   throws SQLClientInfoException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the value specified by value.
    Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver and the maximum length that may be specified for each property.
    The driver stores the value specified in a suitable location in the database. For example in a special register, session parameter, or system table column. For efficiency the driver may defer setting the value in the database until the next time a statement is executed or prepared. Other than storing the client information in the appropriate place in the database, these methods shall not alter the behavior of the connection in anyway. The values supplied to these methods are used for accounting, diagnostics and debugging purposes only.
    The driver shall generate a warning if the client info name specified is not recognized by the driver.
    If the value specified to this method is greater than the maximum length for the property the driver may either truncate the value and generate a warning or generate a SQLClientInfoException. If the driver generates a SQLClientInfoException, the value specified was not set on the connection.
    The following are standard client info properties. Drivers are not required to support these properties however if the driver supports a client info property that can be described by one of the standard properties, the standard property name should be used.
    - ApplicationName - The name of the application currently utilizing the connection
    - ClientUser - The name of the user that the application using the connection is performing work for. This may not be the same as the user name that was used in establishing the connection.
    - ClientHostname - The hostname of the computer the application using the connection is running on.
    Specified by:
    
    setClientInfo in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    name - The name of the client info property to set
    value - The value to set the client info property to. If the value is null, the current value of the specified property is cleared.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLClientInfoException - if the database server returns an error while setting the client info value on the database server or this method is called on a closed connection
  - setClientInfo
```
public void setClientInfo(Properties properties)
                   throws SQLClientInfoException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Sets the value of the connection's client info properties. The Properties object contains the names and values of the client info properties to be set. The set of client info properties contained in the properties list replaces the current set of client info properties on the connection. If a property that is currently set on the connection is not present in the properties list, that property is cleared. Specifying an empty properties list will clear all of the properties on the connection. See setClientInfo (String, String) for more information.
    If an error occurs in setting any of the client info properties, a SQLClientInfoException is thrown. The SQLClientInfoException contains information indicating which client info properties were not set. The state of the client information is unknown because some databases do not allow multiple client info properties to be set atomically. For those databases, one or more properties may have been set before the error occurred.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setClientInfo in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    properties - the list of client info properties to set
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLClientInfoException - if the database server returns an error while setting the clientInfo values on the database server or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    setClientInfo(String, String)
  - getClientInfo
```
public String getClientInfo(String name)
                     throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Returns the value of the client info property specified by name. This method may return null if the specified client info property has not been set and does not have a default value. This method will also return null if the specified client info property name is not supported by the driver.
    Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getClientInfo in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    name - The name of the client info property to retrieve
    
    Returns:
    The value of the client info property specified
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info value from the database or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties()
  - getClientInfo
```
public Properties getClientInfo()
                         throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by the driver. The value of a client info property may be null if the property has not been set and does not have a default value.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getClientInfo in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    A Properties object that contains the name and current value of each of the client info properties supported by the driver.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info values from the database or this method is called on a closed connection
  - createQueryObject
```
public <T> T createQueryObject(Class<T> ifc)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Throws:
    
    SQLException
  - isWrapperFor
```
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface)
                     throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Wrapper
    
    Returns true if this either implements the interface argument or is directly or indirectly a wrapper for an object that does. Returns false otherwise. If this implements the interface then return true, else if this is a wrapper then return the result of recursively calling isWrapperFor on the wrapped object. If this does not implement the interface and is not a wrapper, return false. This method should be implemented as a low-cost operation compared to unwrap so that callers can use this method to avoid expensive unwrap calls that may fail. If this method returns true then calling unwrap with the same argument should succeed.
    
    Specified by:
    
    isWrapperFor in interface Wrapper
    
    Parameters:
    iface - a Class defining an interface.
    
    Returns:
    true if this implements the interface or directly or indirectly wraps an object that does.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if an error occurs while determining whether this is a wrapper for an object with the given interface.
  - unwrap
```
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface)
         throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Wrapper
    
    Returns an object that implements the given interface to allow access to non-standard methods, or standard methods not exposed by the proxy. If the receiver implements the interface then the result is the receiver or a proxy for the receiver. If the receiver is a wrapper and the wrapped object implements the interface then the result is the wrapped object or a proxy for the wrapped object. Otherwise return the the result of calling unwrap recursively on the wrapped object or a proxy for that result. If the receiver is not a wrapper and does not implement the interface, then an SQLException is thrown.
    
    Specified by:
    
    unwrap in interface Wrapper
    
    Parameters:
    iface - A Class defining an interface that the result must implement.
    
    Returns:
    an object that implements the interface. May be a proxy for the actual implementing object.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - If no object found that implements the interface
  - getSchema
```
public String getSchema()
                 throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves this Connection object's current schema name.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getSchema in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the current schema name or null if there is none
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.setSchema(java.lang.String)
  - setSchema
```
public void setSchema(String schema)
               throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Sets the given schema name to access.
    If the driver does not support schemas, it will silently ignore this request.
    Calling setSchema has no effect on previously created or prepared Statement objects. It is implementation defined whether a DBMS prepare operation takes place immediately when the Connection method prepareStatement or prepareCall is invoked. For maximum portability, setSchema should be called before a Statement is created or prepared.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setSchema in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    schema - the name of a schema in which to work
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.getSchema()
  - abort
```
public void abort(Executor executor)
           throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    Terminates an open connection. Calling abort results in:
    - The connection marked as closed
    - Closes any physical connection to the database
    - Releases resources used by the connection
    - Insures that any thread that is currently accessing the connection will either progress to completion or throw an SQLException.
    Calling abort marks the connection closed and releases any resources. Calling abort on a closed connection is a no-op.
    It is possible that the aborting and releasing of the resources that are held by the connection can take an extended period of time. When the abort method returns, the connection will have been marked as closed and the Executor that was passed as a parameter to abort may still be executing tasks to release resources.
    This method checks to see that there is an SQLPermission object before allowing the method to proceed. If a SecurityManager exists and its checkPermission method denies calling abort, this method throws a java.lang.SecurityException.
    Specified by:
    
    abort in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    executor - The Executor implementation which will be used by abort.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the executor is null,
    See Also:
    SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission), Executor
  - setNetworkTimeout
```
public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor,
                     int milliseconds)
                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Sets the maximum period a Connection or objects created from the Connection will wait for the database to reply to any one request. If any request remains unanswered, the waiting method will return with a SQLException, and the Connection or objects created from the Connection will be marked as closed. Any subsequent use of the objects, with the exception of the close, isClosed or Connection.isValid methods, will result in a SQLException.
    Note: This method is intended to address a rare but serious condition where network partitions can cause threads issuing JDBC calls to hang uninterruptedly in socket reads, until the OS TCP-TIMEOUT (typically 10 minutes). This method is related to the abort() method which provides an administrator thread a means to free any such threads in cases where the JDBC connection is accessible to the administrator thread. The setNetworkTimeout method will cover cases where there is no administrator thread, or it has no access to the connection. This method is severe in it's effects, and should be given a high enough value so it is never triggered before any more normal timeouts, such as transaction timeouts.
    JDBC driver implementations may also choose to support the setNetworkTimeout method to impose a limit on database response time, in environments where no network is present.
    Drivers may internally implement some or all of their API calls with multiple internal driver-database transmissions, and it is left to the driver implementation to determine whether the limit will be applied always to the response to the API call, or to any single request made during the API call.
    This method can be invoked more than once, such as to set a limit for an area of JDBC code, and to reset to the default on exit from this area. Invocation of this method has no impact on already outstanding requests.
    The Statement.setQueryTimeout() timeout value is independent of the timeout value specified in setNetworkTimeout. If the query timeout expires before the network timeout then the statement execution will be canceled. If the network is still active the result will be that both the statement and connection are still usable. However if the network timeout expires before the query timeout or if the statement timeout fails due to network problems, the connection will be marked as closed, any resources held by the connection will be released and both the connection and statement will be unusable.
    When the driver determines that the setNetworkTimeout timeout value has expired, the JDBC driver marks the connection closed and releases any resources held by the connection.
    This method checks to see that there is an SQLPermission object before allowing the method to proceed. If a SecurityManager exists and its checkPermission method denies calling setNetworkTimeout, this method throws a java.lang.SecurityException.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setNetworkTimeout in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    executor - The Executor implementation which will be used by setNetworkTimeout.
    milliseconds - The time in milliseconds to wait for the database operation to complete. If the JDBC driver does not support milliseconds, the JDBC driver will round the value up to the nearest second. If the timeout period expires before the operation completes, a SQLException will be thrown. A value of 0 indicates that there is not timeout for database operations.
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection, the executor is null, or the value specified for seconds is less than 0.
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission), Statement.setQueryTimeout(int), Connection.getNetworkTimeout(), Connection.abort(java.util.concurrent.Executor), Executor
  - getNetworkTimeout
```
public int getNetworkTimeout()
                      throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves the number of milliseconds the driver will wait for a database request to complete. If the limit is exceeded, a SQLException is thrown.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getNetworkTimeout in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the current timeout limit in milliseconds; zero means there is no limit
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed Connection
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    Connection.setNetworkTimeout(java.util.concurrent.Executor, int)
  - setHoldability
```
public void setHoldability(int holdability)
                    throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Changes the default holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object to the given holdability. The default holdability of ResultSet objects can be be determined by invoking DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    setHoldability in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    holdability - a ResultSet holdability constant; one of ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access occurs, this method is called on a closed connection, or the given parameter is not a ResultSet constant indicating holdability
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the given holdability is not supported
    See Also:
    Connection.getHoldability(), DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability(), ResultSet
  - getHoldability
```
public int getHoldability()
                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Retrieves the current holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getHoldability in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the holdability, one of ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    See Also:
    Connection.setHoldability(int), DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability(), ResultSet
  - setSavepoint
```
public Savepoint setSavepoint()
                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
    if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created savepoint.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setSavepoint in interface Connection
    
    Returns:
    the new Savepoint object
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    Savepoint
  - setSavepoint
```
public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name)
                       throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
    if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created savepoint.
    
    Specified by:
    
    setSavepoint in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    name - a String containing the name of the savepoint
    
    Returns:
    the new Savepoint object
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    Savepoint
  - rollback
```
public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint)
              throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Undoes all changes made after the given Savepoint object was set.
    This method should be used only when auto-commit has been disabled.
    
    Specified by:
    
    rollback in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    savepoint - the Savepoint object to roll back to
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, this method is called on a closed connection, the Savepoint object is no longer valid, or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
    Savepoint, Connection.rollback()
  - releaseSavepoint
```
public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint)
                      throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Removes the specified Savepoint and subsequent Savepoint objects from the current transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed will cause an SQLException to be thrown.
    
    Specified by:
    
    releaseSavepoint in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    savepoint - the Savepoint object to be removed
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given Savepoint object is not a valid savepoint in the current transaction
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
  - createStatement
```
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType,
                        int resultSetConcurrency)
                          throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the createStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    createStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    resultSetType - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
    resultSetConcurrency - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
    
    Returns:
    a new Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.
  - prepareStatement
```
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql,
                                 int resultSetType,
                                 int resultSetConcurrency)
                                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN parameters
    resultSetType - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
    resultSetConcurrency - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
    
    Returns:
    a new PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.
  - prepareCall
```
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql,
                            int resultSetType,
                            int resultSetConcurrency)
                              throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareCall method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareCall in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters
    resultSetType - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
    resultSetConcurrency - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
    
    Returns:
    a new CallableStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.
  - prepareStatement
```
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql,
                                 int autoGeneratedKeys)
                                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a default PreparedStatement object that has the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys. The given constant tells the driver whether it should make auto-generated keys available for retrieval. This parameter is ignored if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
    Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
    Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
    autoGeneratedKeys - a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned; one of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS or Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS
    
    Returns:
    a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will have the capability of returning auto-generated keys
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameter is not a Statement constant indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
  - prepareStatement
```
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql,
                                 int[] columnIndexes)
                                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
    An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.
    Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
    Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
    columnIndexes - an array of column indexes indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row or rows
    
    Returns:
    a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column indexes
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
  - prepareStatement
```
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql,
                                 String[] columnNames)
                                   throws SQLException
```
    Description copied from interface: java.sql.Connection
    
    Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. This array contains the names of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be returned. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
    An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.
    Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
    Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling Connection.getHoldability().
    
    Specified by:
    
    prepareStatement in interface Connection
    
    Parameters:
    sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
    columnNames - an array of column names indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row or rows
    
    Returns:
    a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column names
    
    Throws:
    
    SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    
    SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
  - getParameterStatuses
```
public final Map<String,String> getParameterStatuses()
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    Returns the current values of all parameters reported by the server.
    
    PostgreSQL reports values for a subset of parameters (GUCs) to the client at connect-time, then sends update messages whenever the values change during a session. PgJDBC records the latest values and exposes it to client applications via getParameterStatuses().
    
    PgJDBC exposes individual accessors for some of these parameters as listed below. They are more backwarrds-compatible and should be preferred where possible.
    
    Not all parameters are reported, only those marked GUC_REPORT in the source code. The pg_settings view does not expose information about which parameters are reportable. PgJDBC's map will only contain the parameters the server reports values for, so you cannot use this method as a substitute for running a SHOW paramname; or SELECT current_setting('paramname'); query for arbitrary parameters.
    
    Parameter names are case-insensitive and case-preserving in this map, like in PostgreSQL itself. So DateStyle and datestyle are the same key.
    
    As of PostgreSQL 11 the reportable parameter list, and related PgJDBC interfaces or accesors, are:
    - application_name - Connection.getClientInfo(), Connection.setClientInfo(java.util.Properties) and ApplicationName connection property.
    - client_encoding - PgJDBC always sets this to UTF8. See allowEncodingChanges connection property.
    - DateStyle - PgJDBC requires this to always be set to ISO
    - standard_conforming_strings - indirectly via PGConnection.escapeLiteral(String)
    - TimeZone - set from JDK timezone see TimeZone.getDefault() and TimeZone.setDefault(TimeZone)
    - integer_datetimes
    - IntervalStyle
    - server_encoding
    - server_version
    - is_superuser
    - session_authorization
    Note that some PgJDBC operations will change server parameters automatically.
    Specified by:
    
    getParameterStatuses in interface PGConnection
    
    Returns:
    unmodifiable map of case-insensitive parameter names to parameter values
  - getParameterStatus
```
public final String getParameterStatus(String parameterName)
```
    Description copied from interface: PGConnection
    
    Shorthand for getParameterStatuses().get(...) .
    
    Specified by:
    
    getParameterStatus in interface PGConnection
    
    Parameters:
    parameterName - case-insensitive parameter name
    
    Returns:
    parameter value if defined, or null if no parameter known
    See Also:
    PGConnection.getParameterStatuses()

Class PgConnection

Nested Class Summary

Field Summary

Fields inherited from interface java.sql.Connection

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

prepareThreshold

defaultFetchSize

forcebinary

typemap

metadata

Constructor Detail

PgConnection

Method Detail

createQuery

setFlushCacheOnDeallocate

getTimestampUtils

createStatement

prepareStatement

prepareCall

getTypeMap

getQueryExecutor

getReplicationProtocol

addWarning

execSQLQuery

execSQLQuery

execSQLUpdate

setCursorName

getCursorName

getURL

getUserName

getFastpathAPI

getLargeObjectAPI

getObject

createTypeInfo

getTypeInfo

addDataType

addDataType

close

nativeSQL

getWarnings

clearWarnings

setReadOnly

isReadOnly

hintReadOnly

setAutoCommit

getAutoCommit

commit

checkClosed

rollback

getTransactionState

getTransactionIsolation

setTransactionIsolation

getIsolationLevelName

setCatalog

getCatalog

getHideUnprivilegedObjects

finalize

getDBVersionNumber

getServerMajorVersion

getServerMinorVersion

haveMinimumServerVersion

haveMinimumServerVersion

getEncoding

encodeString

escapeString

getStandardConformingStrings

isClosed

cancelQuery

getNotifications

getNotifications

getPrepareThreshold

setDefaultFetchSize

getDefaultFetchSize

setPrepareThreshold

getForceBinary

setForceBinary

setTypeMapImpl