Package org.openqa.selenium

Class By

  • Direct Known Subclasses:
    By.ByClassName, By.ByCssSelector, By.ById, By.ByLinkText, By.ByName, By.ByPartialLinkText, By.ByTagName, By.ByXPath
    public abstract class By
extends java.lang.Object
    Mechanism used to locate elements within a document. In order to create your own locating mechanisms, it is possible to subclass this class and override the protected methods as required, though it is expected that all subclasses rely on the basic finding mechanisms provided through static methods of this class: public WebElement findElement(WebDriver driver) { WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(getSelector())); if (element == null) element = driver.findElement(By.name(getSelector()); return element; }

    • Constructor Detail

      • By

        public By()

    • Method Detail

      • id

        public static By id​(java.lang.String id)
        Parameters:
        id - The value of the "id" attribute to search for.
        Returns:
        A By which locates elements by the value of the "id" attribute.

      • linkText

        public static By linkText​(java.lang.String linkText)
        Parameters:
        linkText - The exact text to match against.
        Returns:
        A By which locates A elements by the exact text it displays.

      • partialLinkText

        public static By partialLinkText​(java.lang.String partialLinkText)
        Parameters:
        partialLinkText - The partial text to match against
        Returns:
        a By which locates elements that contain the given link text.

      • name

        public static By name​(java.lang.String name)
        Parameters:
        name - The value of the "name" attribute to search for.
        Returns:
        A By which locates elements by the value of the "name" attribute.

      • tagName

        public static By tagName​(java.lang.String tagName)
        Parameters:
        tagName - The element's tag name.
        Returns:
        A By which locates elements by their tag name.

      • xpath

        public static By xpath​(java.lang.String xpathExpression)
        Parameters:
        xpathExpression - The XPath to use.
        Returns:
        A By which locates elements via XPath.

      • className

        public static By className​(java.lang.String className)
        Find elements based on the value of the "class" attribute. If an element has multiple classes, then this will match against each of them. For example, if the value is "one two onone", then the class names "one" and "two" will match.
        Parameters:
        className - The value of the "class" attribute to search for.
        Returns:
        A By which locates elements by the value of the "class" attribute.

      • cssSelector

        public static By cssSelector​(java.lang.String cssSelector)
        Find elements via the driver's underlying W3C Selector engine. If the browser does not implement the Selector API, a best effort is made to emulate the API. In this case, we strive for at least CSS2 support, but offer no guarantees.
        Parameters:
        cssSelector - CSS expression.
        Returns:
        A By which locates elements by CSS.

      • findElement

        public WebElement findElement​(SearchContext context)
        Find a single element. Override this method if necessary.
        Parameters:
        context - A context to use to find the element.
        Returns:
        The WebElement that matches the selector.

      • findElements

        public abstract java.util.List<WebElement> findElements​(SearchContext context)
        Find many elements.
        Parameters:
        context - A context to use to find the elements.
        Returns:
        A list of WebElements matching the selector.

      • equals

        public boolean equals​(java.lang.Object o)
        Overrides:
        equals in class java.lang.Object

      • hashCode

        public int hashCode()
        Overrides:
        hashCode in class java.lang.Object

      • toString

        public java.lang.String toString()
        Overrides:
        toString in class java.lang.Object